histology:study of tissues Flashcards
tissue
collection of cells that perform specific functions
epithelial tissue
•found throughout body inside and out
•main glandular tissue secretion
•cells laid out in sheets w strong connections/attachments
•tightly packed cells
•attached to underlying connective tissue by non cellular, nonliving basement membranes
•usually avascular (no blood supply)
cells reproduce quickly (diffusion of nutrients, rapid healing)
function of epithelial tissue
protect,secrete absorb, excrete, sensory perception
parenchyma (the actual cells)
the tissue that performs the epithelial organ function
stroma
the tissue that supports the organs function
lumen (light)
outside of the cell network. typically exposed to world around it
basement membrane
thin, fibrous, extra cellular matrix of tissue that separates the lining of an internal or external body surface from underlying connective tissue
squamos
flat
cuboidal
square
columnar
rectangular
simple
single
stratified
multiple
- simple squamos (tissues)
single layer of flattened cells
function:diffusion and filtration
found in air sacs of the lungs,walls of capillaries
- simple cuboidal (tissues)
single layer, cube-shaped cells
function:secretion and absorption
found in:lining of kidney tubules, ducts/glands, covering surface of ovaries
*simple columnar (tissues)
single later, elongated cells with their nuclei in the same position (usually near the basement membrane)
function: secretion and absorption
found in lining of digestive tract and uterus
contains scatter goblet cells functioning in the secretion of mucus ( keeps cells from drying out)
microvilli (simple columnar)
tiny finger-like processes from their free surface- increases surface for absorption
cilia (simple columnar)
help with movement of particles
connective tissue
• most abundant tissue in the body, found throughout every system
• binds structures together
• provides support, protection, framework, fills space, stores fat, produces blood cells, fights infection, and helps repair tissue
•composed of more scattered cells with abundant intracellular and extracellular material (matrix)
•made up of a ground substance(fluid, semi-solid) and fibers
•most had a good blood supply
•cells reproduce over various time frames ( quick to basically never)
mast cells (1 of 3 common types of connective tissue)
(prevents blood clots, promote inflammation) — start of immune
macrophages aka scavengers (1 of 3 common types of connective tissue
(phagocytes) “big eaters”
fibroblasts (1 of 3 common types of connective tissue
(most abundant, produce protein fibers) — different compositions
collagenous fibers (main types of fibers in connective tissues)
•major structural protein in body (thick, made of protein collagen, appear in long parallel bundles) strong, and somewhat flexible, but not very elastic, also known as white fibers (large part of , tendons and ligaments )

elastic fibers (rubber bands) (main types of fiber in connective tissue)
Micro fibers in protein elastin, yellow fiber. Not as strong, but very flexible.(large component of vocal cords and eardrum.)
*loose connective tissue or areolar tissue (category of connective tissue)
binds skin to organs, organs to organs, space between muscles, through out body
GREATEST QUANTITY
kinda looks like big spaghetti string 
*adipose tissue (category of connect tissue)
aka fat- beneath skin, around kidneys and eyeballs, abdominal membranes. function : protect, insulation to preserve heat , cells are called adipocytes
kinda looks like oil and water
fibrous (category of connect tissue)
aka dense C.T- dense and closely packed, thick collagenous fibers and fine network of elastic fibers
few cells, poor blood supply
SLOW HEALING
tendon
connects muscles to bones
ligaments
connect bones to bones
cartilage
flexible and strong - provides support and protection
hyaline cartilage
very find white (collagenous) fibers. most common type of cartilage- covers the ends of bones and joints, nose , respiratory passages. model for bone growth
elastic cartilage
more flexible and elastic, external ear and larynx (vocal cords)
fibrocartilage ( only found in spine)
very dense, large numerous collagenous fibers. can withstand lots of pressure, location, intervertebral, and Menisci
*bone tissue (osseous)
osseous (hardened) tissue. rigid due to salt mineralization
layers- lamellae, haversian canals, osteocytes
looks like peach rings
*blood
Circulates throughout the body, transportation of nutrients and waste 
reticuloendothelial (immune phagocytes)
destruction of large quantities of toxins and other particles; location: spleen, and lymph nodes-like tonsils 
*skeletal muscle
voluntary-attached to bone
striated (muscle filaments overlap)
has little “stripes” and looks like meat
*smooth muscle
involuntary movement ( go with the flow)
hollow organs (smooth muscle )
gastrointestinal intestine tract, stomach, urinary tract, and uterus(a tube)
*cardiac muscle
wall of the heart
has gaps
intercalated discs (cardiac muscle)
allows electrochemical impulses to be conveyed
nervous tissue
found in brain, spinal cord, nerves
neurons (nervous tissue)
transmit signals, electrochemical signals 
neuroglia (glial)
protect, support, help with immunity 
*stratified squamous
multi-layered, squamous cells
function-protect, found in lining of body cavities, like skin, mouth, anus, and vagina
pseudo-stratified columnar
appear “stratified” but really a single layer with uneven nuclei giving the appearance of layered cells
usually ciliated (tiny, hair-like projections for sweeping materials along a surface) contains goblet cells
function:secretion and cilia-aided movement
location:lining air passages and tubes of the reproductive system
transitional epithelial
thick layered cuboidal cells
contract and stretch to form a barrier to block diffusion(no leaking) and block infection
found in lining of urinary bladder and genital tract
