Histology RS Flashcards by Mais Hamad

respiratory organ (2)

lungs and branching system of bronchial tubes

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anatomic division of RS:

URT & LRT

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FUNCTIONAL DIVISION OF RS

conductive and respiratory potion

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URT: 4

frontal sinus
sphenoidal sinus
nasal cavity
pharynx

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LRT: 4

larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs

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conductive portion of RS:

nasal cavity >
nasopharynx >
larynx >
trachea >
primary bronchi (extrapulmonary bronchi) > intrapulmonary bronchi (2ry or lobar&raquo_space; 3ry or segmental bronchi) >
primary bronchioles (preterminal) >
terminal bronchioles (terminate conducting portion)

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respiratory portion:

respiratory bronchioles >
alveolar ducts >
alveolar sacs >
pulmonary alveoli

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olfactory region of nasal cavity:

2 main part

olfactory epithelium
&
lamina propria

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olfactory epithelium:

type of epithelium

psudo-stratified columner epithelium with NO goblet cells

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olfactory epithelium component:

1- olfactory cells (olfactory nerve cells)&raquo_space; smelling
2- sustentacular cells
3- basal cells

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olfactory nerve cells features:

bipolar neurons
dendritic has olfactory vesicle
olfactory vesicle has non motilecilia

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which part responsible for smelling?

olfactory neve cells (non motile cilia)

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sustentacular cells function (2) and shape:

columnar cells,
1- physical support
2- nourishment

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Basal cell in olfactory epithelium shape and function:

Pyramidal

Stem cell

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Olfactory hair another name:

Non motile cilia on the olfactory vesicles

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Lamina propria of olfactory epithelium component:

1- highly vascularized CT
2- olfactory gland (bowman gland)
3- bundles of unmyelinated nerve fiber (axons of olfactory nerve cells)
4- lymphoid elements

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function of
1- Bowman capsule
2- lamina propria role in nerve organization

1- replace goblet cells&raquo_space; serous acini
2- in lamina propria axons will collect to form bundles of nerve fiber &raquo_space; bundles will collect to form the olfactory nerve

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respiratory region component:

1- respiratory epithelium

2- lamina propria (sub epithelium CT)

respiratory epithelium ?

PSEUDO STRATIFIED CILIATED Columnar EPITHELIUM WITH GOBLET CELLS

respiratory epithelium SITE?

floor, lateral wall, conchea, deeper layer of vestibules

types of cells in respiratory epithelium (5)

1- ciliated columnar cells
2- goblet cells
3- brush cells (chemo sensors)
4- basal cells > stem
5-  small granule cells (kul chit sky) > endocrine function

lamina propria of respiratory epithelium:

1- arterial and venous (highly vascularized CT)
2- seromucous gland (acini)
3- lymphoid elemnts

para nasal sinuses epithelium type?

respiratory epithelium ..

mucosa of larynx 2 forms of epithelium:

respiratory epithelium
&
non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium&raquo_space; in vocal cords and sup. surface of epiglottis

larynx has 2 types of cartilages with ex for each:

1- hyaline cartilage: epiglottis | 2- elastic cartilage: thyroid cartillage

trachea and primary bronchi layers order from inside:

mucosa (respiratory epithelium and lamina propria) > elastic lamina > sub mucosa (of C.T. & seromucous gland & lymphoid elemnts ) > adventitia (cartilages, in trachea we have trachealis ms connecting c-shaped hyaline cartilllages)

layers of 2ry and 3ry bronchi from inside:

mucosa (respiratory epithelium and lamina propria) > muscle coat > submucosa (C.T. , seromucous gland, lymphoid elements) > adventitia (irrigular hyaline cartilage and lymphoid nodule)

preterminal bronchiole layers:

mucosa (simple ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells & lamina propria) > smooth muscle > adventitia

what structures disappear in bronchiole (preterminal) 3 in the adventita

NO cartilage, NO seromucous gland, NO lymphoid nodules

epithelium of terminal bronchiole:

simple cuboidal with partially ciliated with CLARA cells NO goblet cells LESS THAN 0.5 mm

respiratory bronchiole epithelium

simple cuboidal with partially ciliated with CLARA cells NO goblet cells LESS THAN 0.5 mm (NOT Sure 100% )

Where the pulmonary alveoli start to appear:

in the respiratory bronchiole

clara cell function (3)

degrade toxins, secrete surfactant like material, regenerate the bronchiolar epithelium

order of respiratory portion

respiratory bronchioles > alveolar ducts > alveolar sacs > alveolus

alveolar epithelium:2

type 1 pneumocytes and type 2 pneumocytes

type 1 pneumocytes:

``` 95% of alveolar surface less numerous كبيرة ولكن عددها قليل simple squamous epithelium function: gas exchange ```

type 2 pneumocytes

5% more numerous cuboidal or rounded cells contain lamellar bodies function: SYNTHESIS AND SECRETION OF PULMONARY SURFACTANT

SURFACTANT component:

cholesterol, phospholipid, SURFACTANT proteins

SURFACTANT function:

reduce surface tension | anti surface tension

interstitial CT of interalveolar septum component:

1- CT fiber: elastic and reticular (type 3 collagen) 2- CT cells: mast, macrophages, lymphocytes, fibroblast

alveolar phagocytes (DUST CELLS) site:

in the lumen of pulmonary alveoli & interstitium of interalveolar septum

BLOOD GAS BARRIERS component: 4

1- surfactant 2- TYPE 1 pneumocytes 3- fused basal laminae (capillary and type 1 pnemocytes) 4- endothelial cells of pulmonary capillary

pleura epithelium:

simple squamous epithelium