Histology RS Flashcards
respiratory organ (2)
lungs and branching system of bronchial tubes
anatomic division of RS:
URT & LRT
FUNCTIONAL DIVISION OF RS
conductive and respiratory potion
URT: 4
frontal sinus
sphenoidal sinus
nasal cavity
pharynx
LRT: 4
larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs
conductive portion of RS:
nasal cavity >
nasopharynx >
larynx >
trachea >
primary bronchi (extrapulmonary bronchi) > intrapulmonary bronchi (2ry or lobar»_space; 3ry or segmental bronchi) >
primary bronchioles (preterminal) >
terminal bronchioles (terminate conducting portion)
respiratory portion:
respiratory bronchioles >
alveolar ducts >
alveolar sacs >
pulmonary alveoli
olfactory region of nasal cavity:
2 main part
olfactory epithelium
&
lamina propria
olfactory epithelium:
type of epithelium
psudo-stratified columner epithelium with NO goblet cells
olfactory epithelium component:
1- olfactory cells (olfactory nerve cells)»_space; smelling
2- sustentacular cells
3- basal cells
olfactory nerve cells features:
bipolar neurons
dendritic has olfactory vesicle
olfactory vesicle has non motilecilia
which part responsible for smelling?
olfactory neve cells (non motile cilia)
sustentacular cells function (2) and shape:
columnar cells,
1- physical support
2- nourishment
Basal cell in olfactory epithelium shape and function:
Pyramidal
Stem cell
Olfactory hair another name:
Non motile cilia on the olfactory vesicles
Lamina propria of olfactory epithelium component:
1- highly vascularized CT
2- olfactory gland (bowman gland)
3- bundles of unmyelinated nerve fiber (axons of olfactory nerve cells)
4- lymphoid elements
function of
1- Bowman capsule
2- lamina propria role in nerve organization
1- replace goblet cells»_space; serous acini
2- in lamina propria axons will collect to form bundles of nerve fiber »_space; bundles will collect to form the olfactory nerve
respiratory region component:
1- respiratory epithelium
2- lamina propria (sub epithelium CT)
respiratory epithelium ?
PSEUDO STRATIFIED CILIATED Columnar EPITHELIUM WITH GOBLET CELLS
respiratory epithelium SITE?
floor, lateral wall, conchea, deeper layer of vestibules
types of cells in respiratory epithelium (5)
1- ciliated columnar cells 2- goblet cells 3- brush cells (chemo sensors) 4- basal cells > stem 5- small granule cells (kul chit sky) > endocrine function
lamina propria of respiratory epithelium:
1- arterial and venous (highly vascularized CT)
2- seromucous gland (acini)
3- lymphoid elemnts
para nasal sinuses epithelium type?
respiratory epithelium ..
mucosa of larynx 2 forms of epithelium:
respiratory epithelium
&
non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium»_space; in vocal cords and sup. surface of epiglottis
larynx has 2 types of cartilages with ex for each:
1- hyaline cartilage: epiglottis
2- elastic cartilage: thyroid cartillage
trachea and primary bronchi layers order from inside:
mucosa (respiratory epithelium and lamina propria) > elastic lamina > sub mucosa (of C.T. & seromucous gland & lymphoid elemnts ) > adventitia (cartilages, in trachea we have trachealis ms connecting c-shaped hyaline cartilllages)
layers of 2ry and 3ry bronchi from inside:
mucosa (respiratory epithelium and lamina propria) > muscle coat > submucosa (C.T. , seromucous gland, lymphoid elements) > adventitia (irrigular hyaline cartilage and lymphoid nodule)
preterminal bronchiole layers:
mucosa (simple ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells & lamina propria) > smooth muscle > adventitia
what structures disappear in bronchiole (preterminal) 3 in the adventita
NO cartilage, NO seromucous gland, NO lymphoid nodules
epithelium of terminal bronchiole:
simple cuboidal with partially ciliated with CLARA cells
NO goblet cells
LESS THAN 0.5 mm
respiratory bronchiole epithelium
simple cuboidal with partially ciliated with CLARA cells
NO goblet cells
LESS THAN 0.5 mm
(NOT Sure 100% )
Where the pulmonary alveoli start to appear:
in the respiratory bronchiole
clara cell function (3)
degrade toxins, secrete surfactant like material, regenerate the bronchiolar epithelium
order of respiratory portion
respiratory bronchioles > alveolar ducts > alveolar sacs > alveolus
alveolar epithelium:2
type 1 pneumocytes and type 2 pneumocytes
type 1 pneumocytes:
95% of alveolar surface less numerous كبيرة ولكن عددها قليل simple squamous epithelium function: gas exchange
type 2 pneumocytes
5%
more numerous
cuboidal or rounded cells
contain lamellar bodies
function: SYNTHESIS AND SECRETION OF PULMONARY SURFACTANT
SURFACTANT component:
cholesterol, phospholipid, SURFACTANT proteins
SURFACTANT function:
reduce surface tension
anti surface tension
interstitial CT of interalveolar septum component:
1- CT fiber: elastic and reticular (type 3 collagen)
2- CT cells: mast, macrophages, lymphocytes, fibroblast
alveolar phagocytes (DUST CELLS) site:
in the lumen of pulmonary alveoli
&
interstitium of interalveolar septum
BLOOD GAS BARRIERS component: 4
1- surfactant
2- TYPE 1 pneumocytes
3- fused basal laminae (capillary and type 1 pnemocytes)
4- endothelial cells of pulmonary capillary
pleura epithelium:
simple squamous epithelium
