Histology Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is purulent pericarditis associated with?

A

infection

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2
Q

What is hemorrhagic pericarditis associated with?

A

trauma, infections such as TB / malignancy

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3
Q

What form of pericarditis is normally associated with uremia?

A

fibrinous pericarditis

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4
Q

Post-MI pericarditis is?

A

fibrinous pericarditis

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5
Q

What are Anitschkow cells and Aschoff bodies associated with?

A

rheumatic myocarditis

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6
Q

What histological finding is associated with transmural infarction?

A

dense fibrous tissue without inflammation

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7
Q

What causes eosinophilic myocarditis?

A

Drug reactions or infections like Chaga’s disease

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8
Q

What is acute bacterial endocarditis associated with?

A

systemic signs of infection

fever, chills, positive blood culture

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9
Q

Where do valvular vegetations localize in acute bacterial endocarditis?

A

“low flow” sides of valve

side before the valve (ex: MV develops vegetations on atrial side)

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10
Q

Marantic endocarditis is associated with

A

malignancy

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11
Q

Does MVP normally have vegetations?

A

no

just associated with myomatous degeneration of valve

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12
Q

What causes MVP?

A

myxomatous degeneration of valve

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13
Q

Mönckebergmedial calcific sclerosis

A

occurs in muscular media

doesn’t impinge on lumen

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14
Q

Cystic medial degeneration looks like …

A

lots of wavy lines on histology

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15
Q

What can cystic medial degeneration lead to?

A

thoracic / ascending aortic aneurysm

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16
Q

What causes descending aortic aneurysms?

A

atherosclerosis

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17
Q

What are 2 forms of arteriosclerosis ?

A

Hyaline

Hyperplastic

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18
Q

Hyaline arteriosclerosis looks like …

A

pink around the vessel (looks like pretty controlled ring)

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19
Q

What is the etiology of Hylaine arteriosclerosis?

A

HTN (mostly)

also DM

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20
Q

Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis looks like…

A

onion-skinning swirls

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21
Q

Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis is mostly caused by

A

HTN emergency

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22
Q

What can you see with coagulative necrosis post-MI?

A

dark pink contraction bands

also known as contractile band necrosis

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23
Q

When does coagulative necrosis occur post-MI?

A

about a day

24
Q

What will granulation tissue look like on histology? When does it occur?

A

will have more blood

occurs around 10-14 days

25
What will scar look like on histology? When does it occur?
blue collagen on trichrome stain occurs after 2 months
26
Myocin binding protein defect points you to
HCM
27
What does HCM look like on histology
lots of myocyte disarray / disorganization
28
Does HCM have impaired EF?
no it is a diastolic heart failure
29
What does dilated CM look like on histology?
myocytes are still pretty organized there is intracellular fibrous
30
Arrhythmogenic Right ventricular CM looks like ...
fat replacing myocytes! see white fat on histology!
31
How does amyloidosis look on histology?
Apple-green birefrigence with Congo red stain
32
What is most common cause of myocarditis in the US? What does it look like on histology?
Viral myocarditis normally due to Coxsackie virus Lymphocytes in myocardium
33
How many lobes does an eosinophil have?
2
34
If you see long nuclei that look like catepillars what should you be thinking?
rheumatic myocarditis these are problem Anitschow cells
35
When is the fish mouth valve seen?
rheumatic mitral stenosis
36
Four cardinal features of tetralogy of fallot
1) VSD 2) right ventricular outflow obstruction (i.e. subpulmonic stenosis) 3) overriding of the VSD by the aorta 4) right ventricular hypertrophy
37
What is an aortic dissection? How does it present?
tear in the intima tearing chest pain
38
What are 2 most common associations of AAA?
HTN + atherosclerosis
39
Where do you find berry aneurysms? What does it present with? What does it cause?
in circle of willis can lead to subarachnoid hemorrhage presents with worst headache ever
40
Mycotic aneurysm is caused by ...
bacterial infection
41
What are varicose veins? What are their risks?
distended veins low risk of DVT
42
What is thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis? What are their risks?
thrombophlebitis: blood clot in veins due to inflammation phlebothrombosis: blood clot in veins due to non-inflammatory processes risk of PE
43
When is there greatest risk of rupture following MI?
3-7 days when there is loose granulation tissues without much structural integrity
44
What does a free wall rupture post-MI lead to?
hemopericardium
45
What is mural thrombus? What are the risks?
blood pools following MI since heart is not beating as well after injury this can lead to embolus (either gangrene or stroke)
46
What is a sign of reperfusion injury?
contraction bands present
47
Myocardial stunning vs. hibernation
Stunning: acute damage that can recover in a couple days Hibernation: chronic ischemia that may hibernate for days-weeks than recover function later
48
What is most common cause of dilated CM? What is most common cause of known dilated CM?
idiopathic alcohol
49
peripartum CM is a form of what kind of CM?
dilated CM
50
What is the cause of hypertrophic CM?
genetic
51
What are 2 causes of restrictive CM?
amyloid fibroelastosis
52
"Stiffening" indicates ...
restrictive CM
53
Naxos syndrome is associated with ...
arrhythmic right ventricular Cm
54
When do you see "nutmeg liver"?
right-sided HF since there is systemic edema in liver
55
When do you see hemisodern-laden macrophages?
left-sided heart failure