histology respiratory system

Question 1

respiratory system can be functionally divided into…

Answer 1

conducting division and respiratory division

Question 2

functions of respirator system

Answer 2

air conduction and filtration
gas exchange
speech
olfaction

Question 3

components of the conducting division

Answer 3

nose
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles including terminal bronchioles

Question 4

components of the respiratory division

Answer 4

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
alveoli

Question 5

what is the function of mucous in the respiratory system

Answer 5

used as part of the conduction system to condition the air by moistening it and trapping particles

Question 6

how does particulate matter trapped in the lungs get out?

Answer 6

it gets caught i mucous then cilia of the respiratory ep sweep it toward the pharynx where it’s swallowed

Question 7

function of goblet cells

Answer 7

secrete mucous

Question 8

composition of the conduction system’s walls

Answer 8

respiratory ep. (pseudostrat ciliated columnar)
goblet cells (mucous)
basal cells (stem cells)
lamina propria (can contain serous demilunes)
submucosa
adventitia

Question 9

laryngopharynx extends from the upright ______ to the ______ and is covered with ______ epithelium

Answer 9

epiglotis
larynx
nonkeratinized stratified sq. ep b/c food passes through it.

Question 10

larynx is the passageway between the ______ and _______ and is the organ for _______

Answer 10

laryngopharynx
trachea
speech

Question 11

most of the larynx is covered with _____ ep. but the vocal folds are covered with ______ because they undergo a lot of _______

Answer 11

pseudostrat ciliated columnar
nonker. strat squam ep.
friction

Question 12

what’s made out of what cartilage in the larynx?

Answer 12

hyaline: tyroid, crichoid
elastic: epiglottis, cuneiform, corniculate
mis: arytenoid

Question 13

the trachea is _____ cm long and contains _______ crichoid rings

Answer 13

10 cm

16-20 rings

Question 14

what closes off the crichoid rings posteriorly? and what does it seperate

Answer 14

fibroelzstic tissue and trachealis muscle

they separate the subucosa from the adventitia

Question 15

what’s unique about the mucosa and submucosa of the trachea

Answer 15

mucosa has a very thick basement membrane

the submucosa has a relatively loose connective tissue (usually dense)

Question 16

what three things happen in the conduction pathway as the bronchi branch and get smaller?

Answer 16

amount of cartilage decreases
amount of sm muscle increases
height of lining ep decreases

Question 17

the trachea branches into _________ which branch into _________ which branches into __________

Answer 17

main/primary
lobar/secondary
segmental/tertiary

Question 18

what traits of the right main bronchi make it more vulnerable to catching food than the left?

Answer 18

it’s shorter, wider and straighter

Question 19

each segmental bronchi enter a _______ of the lung, there are _____ in the left lung and _____ in the right and each has their own ________ and ________

Answer 19

bronchopulmonary segment
8-10 in the left
10 in the right
with their own blood supply and connective tissue septa

Question 20

when the bronchi enter the lungs, the crichoid cartilage is replaced with ______ which decrease as the branches get smaller and dissappear completely when the bronchi reach a size of _____ and become ________. contrastly ______ increases and eventually forms a complete circumferential layer called the ________

Answer 20

hyaline cartilage plates
1mm 
bronchioles
muscles
muscularis

Question 21

traits of bronchioles

Answer 21

simple ciliated cuboidal ep. 
no glands
muscularis increases
no cartilage
1mm diameter
few goblet cells present

Question 22

after the terminal bronchioles the respiratory division begins, what is the order of the components of the respiratory division

Answer 22

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
alveoli

Question 23

what is the cell unique to bronchioles, and what’s its function

Answer 23

clara cells

secretes lipoprotein to prevent bronchiolar adhesion

Question 24

about how many alveoli are in a lung?

Answer 24

150-250 million

Question 25

what composes the blood-air barrier seperating air in the alveolus from blood in the capillary?

Answer 25

surface lining and cytoplasm of the alveolar cells
fused basal laminae of the alveolar cell and capillary endothelial cells
cytoplasm of the endothelial cells

Question 26

what does the alveolar septum separate?

Answer 26

two alveoli

Question 27

cells of the alveolar septum and their functions

Answer 27

type 1 alveolar cells- gas exchange
type 2 alveolar cells - secrete surfactant
dust cells - macrophages that phagocytose particulate matter
endothelial cells
fibroblasts