histology respiratory system Flashcards
respiratory system can be functionally divided into…
conducting division and respiratory division
functions of respirator system
air conduction and filtration
gas exchange
speech
olfaction
components of the conducting division
nose pharynx larynx trachea bronchi bronchioles including terminal bronchioles
components of the respiratory division
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
alveoli
what is the function of mucous in the respiratory system
used as part of the conduction system to condition the air by moistening it and trapping particles
how does particulate matter trapped in the lungs get out?
it gets caught i mucous then cilia of the respiratory ep sweep it toward the pharynx where it’s swallowed
function of goblet cells
secrete mucous
composition of the conduction system’s walls
respiratory ep. (pseudostrat ciliated columnar)
goblet cells (mucous)
basal cells (stem cells)
lamina propria (can contain serous demilunes)
submucosa
adventitia
laryngopharynx extends from the upright ______ to the ______ and is covered with ______ epithelium
epiglotis
larynx
nonkeratinized stratified sq. ep b/c food passes through it.
larynx is the passageway between the ______ and _______ and is the organ for _______
laryngopharynx
trachea
speech
most of the larynx is covered with _____ ep. but the vocal folds are covered with ______ because they undergo a lot of _______
pseudostrat ciliated columnar
nonker. strat squam ep.
friction
what’s made out of what cartilage in the larynx?
hyaline: tyroid, crichoid
elastic: epiglottis, cuneiform, corniculate
mis: arytenoid
the trachea is _____ cm long and contains _______ crichoid rings
10 cm
16-20 rings
what closes off the crichoid rings posteriorly? and what does it seperate
fibroelzstic tissue and trachealis muscle
they separate the subucosa from the adventitia
what’s unique about the mucosa and submucosa of the trachea
mucosa has a very thick basement membrane
the submucosa has a relatively loose connective tissue (usually dense)
what three things happen in the conduction pathway as the bronchi branch and get smaller?
amount of cartilage decreases
amount of sm muscle increases
height of lining ep decreases
the trachea branches into _________ which branch into _________ which branches into __________
main/primary
lobar/secondary
segmental/tertiary
what traits of the right main bronchi make it more vulnerable to catching food than the left?
it’s shorter, wider and straighter
each segmental bronchi enter a _______ of the lung, there are _____ in the left lung and _____ in the right and each has their own ________ and ________
bronchopulmonary segment
8-10 in the left
10 in the right
with their own blood supply and connective tissue septa
when the bronchi enter the lungs, the crichoid cartilage is replaced with ______ which decrease as the branches get smaller and dissappear completely when the bronchi reach a size of _____ and become ________. contrastly ______ increases and eventually forms a complete circumferential layer called the ________
hyaline cartilage plates 1mm bronchioles muscles muscularis
traits of bronchioles
simple ciliated cuboidal ep. no glands muscularis increases no cartilage 1mm diameter few goblet cells present
after the terminal bronchioles the respiratory division begins, what is the order of the components of the respiratory division
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
alveoli
what is the cell unique to bronchioles, and what’s its function
clara cells
secretes lipoprotein to prevent bronchiolar adhesion
about how many alveoli are in a lung?
150-250 million
what composes the blood-air barrier seperating air in the alveolus from blood in the capillary?
surface lining and cytoplasm of the alveolar cells
fused basal laminae of the alveolar cell and capillary endothelial cells
cytoplasm of the endothelial cells
what does the alveolar septum separate?
two alveoli
cells of the alveolar septum and their functions
type 1 alveolar cells- gas exchange
type 2 alveolar cells - secrete surfactant
dust cells - macrophages that phagocytose particulate matter
endothelial cells
fibroblasts
