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OB - urinary anatomy > Histology of urinary tract > Flashcards

Histology of urinary tract Flashcards

1
Q

structure of the renal cortex

A

dark brown and granular

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2
Q

renal medulla contains

A

renal pyramids

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3
Q

fibrous capsule made of

A

collagen, smooth muscle and elastic fibres

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4
Q

divisions of the renal pelvis

A

2 or 3 major calyces which divide into minor calyces

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5
Q

flow of urine

A

pyramids to calyces to renal pelvis and then into the ureter

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6
Q

process of kidney

A 
filtration
active absorption
passive absorption
secretion
excretion
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7
Q

functional unit fo the kidney

A

uriniferous tubule

highly convoluted, made of the nephron and collecting duct

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8
Q

structure of uriniferous tubules

A

epithelial
separated from connective tissue by basal lamina
most connective tissue is highly vascularised

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9
Q

first part of the nephron

A

renal corpuscle

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10
Q

components of renal corpuscle

A

bowmans capsule = dilated pouch at the proximal end of nephron
glomerulus = tuft of capillaries invaginated into capsule

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11
Q

two poles of the renal corpuscle

A

vascular pole and urinary pole

arterioles enter and leave at the vascular

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12
Q

vascular supply to glomerulus

A

supplied by afferent
drained by efferent
composed of anastamosing fenestrated capillaries

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13
Q

function of urinary pole

A

where the PCT leaves

with fluid

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14
Q

what is the function of the renal corpuscle

A

blood filtering

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15
Q

layers of the renal corpuscle

A

parietal (external) is simple squamous
visceral (internal) envelopes capillaries, has podocytes
bowmans space is between layers

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16
Q

specialised cells within connective tissue

A

mesangial cells
specialised smooth muscle cells
regulate blood flow through capillaries

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17
Q

extraglomerular mesangial cell function

A

on vascular pole, relay information

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18
Q

intraglomerular mesangial cell function

A

are pericytes which are phagocytic, respond to vasoactive hormones and contract narrow capillaries
synthesise NO

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19
Q

how does filtration occur

A

difference in diameters of arterioles creates a hydrostatic pressure gradient

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20
Q

layers of filtration apparatus

A

fenestrated capillaries, basal lamina, podocyte split pors

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21
Q

fenestrated capillary layer

A

barrier to macromolecules
endothelial cells are attenuated
pores large

22
Q

basal lamina structure

A

3 layers
lamina rara interna
lamina densa
lamina rara externa

23
Q

basal lamina function

A

collagen in basal lamina separates by size
heparin sulphate separated bu charge
larger molecules and negatively charged molecules are blocked
fluid which contains small molecules and ions pass through

24
Q

podocytes structure

A

adjacent podocytes interdigitate to cover basal lamina
primary processes = have numerous long cytoplasmic extensions
secondary processes = pedicels which completely envelope most of capillaries

25
Q

podocyte fucntion

A

between processes are filtration slits, covered by a thin slit diaphragm
act as a filtration barrier to shape and size

26
Q

3 parts of reabsorption system and subsequent divisions

A

PCT: pars convuluta and pars recta
Loop: descending thin, hairpin, ascending thin
DCT: ascending thick loop, macula densa, pars convuluta

27
Q

tissue type of PCT

A

cuboidal epithelium, very leaky

28
Q

tissue tube of loop

A

squamous epithelium, contains aquaporins

29
Q

tissue type of DCT

A

cuboidal cells, in macula densa are tall and thin

30
Q

adaptations of cells in PCT

A
  • microvilli and canaliculi that increase SA for reabsorption
  • heights of cells vary with functional state
  • epithelium has eosinophilic granular cytoplasm
  • lots of mt for ion transport
  • lots of lysosomes for endocytosis and breakdown of small proteins
31
Q

function of thin descending limb

A

water reabsorption

have aquaporins and simple squamous

32
Q

thin ascending limb function

A

absorption of ions, not water

33
Q

reabsorption from the loop of Henle

A

reabsorbed by the vasa recta
continuous endothelial in descending vessels
fenestrated endothelial cells in ascending vessels

34
Q

3 parts of DCT

A

pars recta = thick ascending limb
macula densa
pars convoluta

35
Q

function of DCT

A

ion exchange and maintaining acid-base balance

36
Q

cells in DCT

A

shorter cuboidal
no bruh border
elaborate basal membrane invaginations for ion transport

37
Q

thick ascending limb cell type

A

simple cuboidal

38
Q

where is the DCT the macula densa

A

where it has established contact with the vascular pole of the parent nephron

39
Q

location of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

between the vascular pole and the DCT

40
Q

JGA made of

A

macula densa of DCT
extraglomerular cells
juxtaglomerular cells

41
Q

function of macula densa cells

A

cells sensitive to ionic content and water volume of fluid in DCT, release prostaglandins

42
Q

function of extraglomerular cells

A

relay info from MD to juxtaglomerular cells

43
Q

function of juxtaglomerular cells

A

found at afferent glomerular arteriole, smooth muscle cells, produce renin when MD detects fall in ions in DCT

44
Q

overall functions of JGA

A

regulate BP
regulate renal blood flow
regulate GFR

45
Q

cortical region of collecting duct

A

in medullary rays
made of principle cells, with single cilium, controlled by aldosterone
also intercalated cells, involved in acid base balance

46
Q

medullary region of collecting duct

A

controls reabsorption of water and urea, controlled by ADH

47
Q

collecting duct cell type

A

simple cuboidal

impermeable ton water except with ADH

48
Q

ureter features

A

lined by mucosa, has muscular coat and a covering of fibrous connective tissue
made of transitional epithelium
muscular contraction of wall conveys urine to the bladder

49
Q

plaques in plasma membrane of transitional epithelium

A

plasma membrane has thickened plague regions and inter-plaque regions
plaques contain glycoproteins to protect cells
reserve plasma membrane stored in vesicles for when the bladder is stretched
plowers folded into empty bladder and so disappear when stretched

50
Q

features of detrusor muscle

A

subepithelial connective tissue

three smooth muscle layers

OB - urinary anatomy (2 decks)

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