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Respiratory > Histology of the Respiratory System > Flashcards

Histology of the Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What structure makes up most of the volume of the lungs?

A

Alveoli

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2
Q

The mucosa of the conducting portion of the respiratory tract is responsible for…

A

Warming, humidifying, and filtering the air (it is well-vascularized, wet, and sticky)

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3
Q

What kind of cells make up the respiratory epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified, columnar, and ciliated and Goblet cells

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4
Q

What are small granule cells?

A
  • Part of the diffuse neuroendocrine system
  • Secrete products across their basal surface into intersitial fluid
  • Coordinate the function of adjacent cells and tissues
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5
Q

What are basal cells in the respiratory endothelium?

A

Mitotically active stem cells

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6
Q

Where is the olfactory epithelium located and what other cells does it contain?

A
  • Roof of nasal cavity and superior conchae
  • Has chemosensitive olfactory neurons
  • Support cells
  • Basal cells
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7
Q

True or False:

Olfactory neurons are capable of regeneration.

A

Yes; they regenerate every 2-3 months

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8
Q

What are the three layers of the trachea?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, and adventitia

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9
Q

C-shaped cartilage rings in the trachea are located between…

A

The submucosa and adventitia

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9
Q

C-shaped cartilage rings in the trachea are located between…

A

The submucosa and adventitia

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10
Q

What is the trachealis?

A

A smooth muscle that connects the two ends of the cartilage rings posteriorly, to allow the esophagus to bulge as we swallow, and to contract during coughing

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11
Q

The cartilage rings are attached to the submucosa and adventitia via…

A

Pericardium

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12
Q

The cartilage rings are attached to the submucosa and adventitia via…

A

Pericardium

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13
Q

What are the submucous glands?

A

Produce watery mucus in the submucosa of the trachea

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14
Q

What is the progression of the bronchial tree?

A

Trachea –> primary bronchi –> secondary bronchi –> terminal bronchi –> smaller bronchi –> bronchioles –> terminal bronchioles –> alveoli

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15
Q

What are bronchopulmonary segments?

A

Independent subunits of lung tissue surrounded by a CT capsule, each with their own air, nerve, blood, and lymphatic vessel supply

16
Q

What is the structure of bronchi?

A
  • Complete cartilaginous rings
  • Abundant seromucous glands
  • As bronchi branch, cartilage begins to decrease and smooth muscle increases
17
Q

What is the structure of bronchioles?

A
  • Lack cartilage and seromucous glands
  • Have a continuous layer of smooth muscle
  • The epithelium becomes cuboidal ciliated cells
  • Cilia eventually disappear
18
Q

What are bronchiolar exocrine cells?

A
  • Secrete surfactant
  • Helps maintain alveolar patency
  • Contains antimicrobial peptides and cytokines
19
Q

What are respiratory bronchioles?

A
  • Structurally similar to terminal bronchioles
  • Surrounded by alveoli
  • Open into alveolar ducts
20
Q

Interalveolar septae consist of….

A
  • CT with elastic and reticular fibres, which provides structure and elasticity to alveoli
21
Q

What are pneumocytes?

A
  • Line alveoli
  • Squamous epithelial cells
  • Type I and type II
22
Q

Type I vs type II pneumocytes

A
  • Type I: cover 95% of SA, but only make up 40% of the epithelium
  • Type II: produce surfactant, only cover 5% of SA
23
Q

Adjacent alveoli are connected by…

A

Interalveolar pores, the allow for collateral air flow between alveoli

24
Q

The respiratory membrane between alveoli consists of…

A
  • Simple squamous alveolar epithelium
  • Simple squamous capillary endothelium
  • Intervening fused basement membranes
25
Q

What are dust cells?

A
  • Alveolar macrophages
  • Phagocytose particulate matter
  • Removed by either the mucociliary apparatus, lymphatics, or die within the CT of the interalveolar septum

Show up as black material in the lungs of cadavers

Respiratory (1 decks)

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