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Respiratory > Histology of the Respiratory system > Flashcards

Histology of the Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

vibrissae

A

located in vestibule
stiff hairs
entrap large particulate matter

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2
Q

dermis of vestibule

A

sebaceous and sweat glands

secretion aid entrapment of particles

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3
Q

nasal concahe

A

nasal fossa
three thin bony shelves
aka turbinates

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4
Q

turbinates

A

churn the air - air warmed, moistened, cleaned

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5
Q

septum

A

nasal fossa

respiratory epithelium

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6
Q

olfactory segment

A 
sensory region
roof of the nasal cavity
superior aspect of nasal septum
superior concah
pseudostratified columnar epithelium ( different cell type than respi. epi.)
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7
Q

olfactory epithelium (3 cell types)

A
  1. olfactory receptor cells (neurons)
  2. supporting (sustentacular) cells
  3. basal cells (stem cells for the other two types)
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8
Q

olfactory cilia

A

apical dendritic process of olfactory receptor cell
non motile
chemoreceptors

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9
Q

dendritic knob, olfactory vesicle

A

bulbous dilation of olf receptor cell
above epithelial surface
dentritic process

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10
Q

axonal process

A

basal axon projection of olf receptor cell

part of olfactory nerve (CN I)

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11
Q

supporting (subtentacular cells)

A

narrow base, broader apex
microvilli on apical surface
yellow-brown pigment
physical and metabolic support to olf cells

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12
Q

basal cell

A

cotact basal lamina

differentiate into olf and supporting cell

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13
Q

bowman’s gland

A

serous exocrine glands
deep to olf epithelium
solvent wash odorous substance and clear the cilia for new smell

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14
Q

odorant

A 
volatile
high concentration 
organic compound (ammonia - inorganic comp)
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15
Q

sniff

A

air flow more toward olf epithelium

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16
Q

breathing out (smell)

A

air flow not touch olf epi.

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17
Q

glomerulus

A

same smell type receptor - scattered but gatther at the same glomerulus
send signal to mitral cell

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18
Q

mitral cel

A

send smell signal to higher region of the brain

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19
Q

repiratory epithelium

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

goblet cells

20
Q

ciliated columnar

A

largest bronchiole

motile cilia

21
Q

respiratory epi. 6 type cell

A
  1. ciliated columnar cells
  2. goblet cells - secrete mucus
  3. basal cells - stem cells that replace 1, 2, 4
  4. brush cells - sensory cells
  5. serous cells
  6. DNES cells (diffuse neuroendocrine system) - small granule cells
22
Q

ciliated columnar and mucus goblet cells

A

goblet cell secrete mucus over the cilia of ciliated comlumnar cell
beating of cilia sweep mucus up and out of airway - debris out
mucociliary escalator

23
Q

mucociliary escalator

A

mucus from goblet cell moved up and out via ciliary beating form ciliated columnar cell
all cilia beat one direction

24
Q

Kartagener’s syndrome

A

immotile cilia syndrome
inherited condition
lack of dynein - male sterile
mucus collects - bacteria growth and infection

25
Q

basal cell

A

stem cell
apical surface do not reach lumen
differentiate into ciliated columnar, goblet and brush cells

26
Q

brush cells

A

microvilli
afferent nerve ending - basal side
chemoreceptors
function not clear

27
Q

serous cell

A

unknown function of serous

28
Q

DNES (diffuse neuroendocrine system) cells

A

aka small granule cells
show development of resp. tract and lung from an evagination of the primitive gut tube
general class of endocrine cell of gut and gut derivative

29
Q

DNES cell secretion (5 of them)

A
  1. serotonin
  2. calcitonin
  3. bombesin
  4. acetylcholine
  5. ATP
30
Q

pharynx - three parts

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

31
Q

pharynx lining

A

naso - resp epi

oral and laryng - stratified squamous epi

32
Q

epiglottis

A

core - elastic cartilage
hyaline cartilage everywhere else
close laryngeal aditus - opening

33
Q

larynx

A 
hyaline cartilage - wall
thyroid and cricoid cartilage 
ligaments connect cartilages
skeletal muscle
phonation
34
Q

false vocal cords

A 
immovable
larynx
superior to vocal cords
respiratory epi
many exocrine glands
35
Q

true vocal cords

A

movable
stratified squamous epi
vocal ligament - elastic fiber
vocal muslce - skeletal muscle

36
Q

trachea

A

larynx to bifurcation (primary bronchi)
resp. epi.
C-shaped hyaline cartilage - opening face esophagus
trachealis muscle - contract, reduce the lumen, increase air flow velocity
smooth muscle

37
Q

three layers of tracheal wall

A
  1. mucosa
  2. submucosa
  3. adventitia
38
Q

trachea mucosa

A

ps. cil. col. epi

39
Q

tracheal submucosa

A

dneser CT, LP
seomucous glands
ends at perichondrium of cartilage ring

40
Q

tracheal adventitia

A

fibroelastic CT
hyaline cartilage C ring
collagen

41
Q

bronchi - 2 parts

A
  1. extrapulmonary - similar to trachea, smaller in diameter, outside the lung
  2. intrapulmonary - surr. by parenchyma of lung, lobar (2ndary) and segmental (ertiary) bronchi
42
Q

bronchus

A 
cil. ps. epi.
plates of cartilage
goblet cells
columnar ciliated cells 
LM - serous glands, smooth muscle
43
Q

bronchiole

A 
bronchiole -> terminal bronchiole -> respiratory bornchiole (contain alveoli)
clara cells
sm
no cartilage
ps col epi -> cil col -> cubo
44
Q

clara cell

A 
dome-shaped
short microvilli
bronchiole decrease in size (go down the airway) - more clara cell, less cil. cells
secretory granules
bulging apical cytoplasm 
terminal bronchioles
45
Q

clara cell three function

A
  1. protection of bronchiolar epi - glycosaminoglycane (GAG) - non stick of polluants, decrease inflam response
  2. detox harmful substance - cytochrome p450 matabolize airbone toxin - lot of SER to contain cyto p450
  3. divide, differentiate into ciliated or non-ciliated epi cells (respiratory epi cil. cells not arise from clara cell but from basal cell
46
Q

asthma

A

prolonged contraction of sm

steroids and beta2-agnist - relax bronchial sm

Respiratory (2 decks)

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