Histology of the GIT

Question 1

What is the hierarchical organisation?

Answer 1

• Organism
• Organ system
• Organ
• Tissue
• Cells

Question 2

What are the 4 basic types of tissue?

Answer 2

• Epithelial tissue: tissue on the surface
• Connective tissue: space filling tissue
• Muscle tissue: contraction, movement
• Nervous tissue: integrates and coordinates

Question 3

Tissue

Answer 3

A group of cells that work together and perform the same function

Question 4

What are tissue composed of?

Answer 4

Cells and extracellular substance

Question 5

What is an organ made up of?

Answer 5

2 or more types of tissue

Question 6

What are the 4 layers of the gut tube?

Answer 6

• Mucosa
• Submucosa
• Muscularis externa
• Adventitia/serosa

Question 7

What are the 3 layers of the gut tube mucosa?

Answer 7

• Epithelium
• Lamina propria
• Muscularis mucosae

Question 8

What are the 2 layers of the gut tube muscularis externa?

Answer 8

• Inner circular

- Outer longitudinal

Question 9

How can you identify if a gland lies in the LP or inn the submucosa?

Answer 9

Identify if it lies above or belowe the muscularis mucosae

Question 10

What type of epithelium is in the oesophagus?

Answer 10

Stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium

Question 11

What is in the submucosa of the oesophagus?

Answer 11

Mucous glands

Question 12

How does the muscle differ along the oesophagus?

Answer 12

• Upper 1/3: skeletal
• Middle 1/3: both
• Lower 1/3: smooth

Question 13

What epithelium is found in the stomach?

Answer 13

Simple columnar

Question 14

Where are the gastric glands of the stomach located?

Answer 14

Mucosa

Question 15

How many layers of muscularis externa are there?

Answer 15

3

Question 16

What are the cells stained pink in the gastric glands of the stomach?

Answer 16

Parietal cells that secrete HCl

Question 17

Where are the chief cells located in the stomach?

Answer 17

Base of the gastric gland and the secrete pepsinogen

Question 18

What histological landmarks can be found in the small intestine?

Answer 18

• Villi
• Crypts of Leiberkuhn
• Lymphoid aggregations in the mucosa: Peyer’s patches

Question 19

What glands are found in the submucosa of the duodenum?

Answer 19

Brunner’s glands

Question 20

What is the ileum characterised by?

Answer 20

• Villi

- Peyer’s patches

Question 21

What is absent in the jejunum that is present in other parts of the small intestine?

Answer 21

• Brunner’s glands

- Peyer’s patches

Question 22

How does the large intestine present histologically?

Answer 22

• Thick mucosa
• Crypts
• Mucous secreting cells
• No villi

Question 23

What are the main glands in the GIT?

Answer 23

• Salivary glands
• Pancreas
• Liver

Question 24

How doe glands present histologically?

Answer 24

• Secretory, acinar component
• Roundish structure
• Columnar cells
• Nuclei at the base
• Ducts

Question 25

How does the pancreas present histologically?

Answer 25

• Islet of Langerhans: endocrine part: no acini
• Exocrine part: pancreatic acini
• Pancreatic duct

Question 26

How does the liver present histologically?

Answer 26

• Hexagonal structures
• Central vein
• Portal triad at each corner