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histology of muscle > histology of muscles > Flashcards

histology of muscles Flashcards

1
Q

all cells contain what in their cyotskeleton

A

contractile fibres

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2
Q

in muscle cells, the cytoplasm is packed with contractile fibres that the cells are highly specialised for the production of what

A

contractile force

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3
Q

what is forced produced by

A

the movement of actin fibres over myosin fibres, with the aid of accessory proteins

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4
Q

what are the 4 types of muscle cells

A
  • skeletal/voluntary
  • cardiac
  • smooth/involuntary
  • myoepithelial, myofibroblasts, pericytes
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5
Q

when a muscle is described as striated, what does that mean

A

has stripes running across under the microscope

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6
Q

what is a syncytium

A

many cells coming together to form 1 very large cell

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7
Q

what 3 words are used to describe skeletal muscle

A

striated
unbranched
multiucleate

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8
Q

describe the diameter and length of fibres in skeletal muscle

A

10-100um diameter (average)
1,000-200,000um length
(very large)

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9
Q

where are the nucleus situated in skeletal muscle

A

the periphery of the fibre, just under the cell membrane

sarcolemma

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10
Q

where do skeletal muscle fibres develop from

A

myotubes

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11
Q

what do cells form when they lose their separating cell membrane

A

multinucleate myotubes

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12
Q

skeletal muscle fibres are grouped into bundles called what

A

fascicles

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13
Q

what is the connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle

A

epimysium

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14
Q

what is the connective tissue that surrounds a single fascicle(grouped muscle fibres)

A

perimysium

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15
Q

what is the connective tissue around a single skeletal muscle fibre

A

endomysium

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16
Q

-endomysium surrounds a single muscle fibre
-multiple muscle fibres bundle together to become a fascicle
-fascicles are surrounded by the perimysium
-the connective tissue that surrounds the whole muscle is called the epimysium
(this isn’t a flashcard just a fact soz)

A

: )

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17
Q

a muscle is made up of many what

A

fascicles

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18
Q

fascicles contain what

A

many muscle fibres

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19
Q

muscle fibres contain many what

A

myofibrils

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20
Q

what do myofibrils consist of

A

many sacromeres

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21
Q

what organelle can you see under the microscope when looking at a transverse section of skeletal muscle

A

nuclei

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22
Q

why are there striations on skeletal muscle

A

because the myofibrils line up

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23
Q

what special type of synapse does the motor neuron end in

A

motor end plate

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24
Q

how many muscle fibres is the motor unit made up of

A

ten-several hundred muscle fibres

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25
where do motor neurons terminate
motor end plate
26
what chemical does the arrival of action potentials in the axon release
acetylcholine
27
where does acetylcholine initiate an action potential
sarcolemma
28
T tubules extend from where
sarcolemma
29
the structure composed of two branches of sarcoplasmic reticulum and one t tubule is called what
triad
30
the t tubule flanked by segments of sarcoplasmic reticulum can be viewed where
electron micrograph
31
where does the action potential initiated by acetylcholine travel along/to
travels along the sarcolemma and invades the t tubules
32
what does the action potential initiated by acetylcholine release and then cause
Ca+ from the SR and this causes the myosin fibrils to 'ratchet' across the actin fibrils, shortening the sarcomere
33
what do the collagen of a tendon attach to
the ends of muscle fibres at a specialised junction | myotendinous junction
34
where is the myotendinous junction tightly anchored to
collagen by complex interdigitations
35
why are tendons slow to heal when damaged
poor blood supply
36
what do muscles contain that allow them to provide information on the amount of stretch in the muscle and the amount of tension in the muscle
muscle spindles
37
what are the muscle fibres called inside muscle spindles
intrafusal fibres
38
normal contractile muscle fibres that make up the large majority of a muscle are termed what
extrafusal muscle fibres
39
cardiac muscles forms what
parts of the walls of the heart chambers and origins of the great vessels
40
cardiac muscle has less of what visible description under a microscope than skeletal muscle
striations
41
describe the size of the muscle fibres in cardiac muscle
50-100um
42
cardiac muscles branch to form what
a complex network
43
where are the nucleus' of cardiac muscles(1 or 2 nucleus' can exist) found
near the centre of the fibre
44
in cardiac muscle, under a light microscope, what are the dark irregular lines called (longitudinal section)
intercalated discs
45
what is the junction called between 2 skeletal fibres in cardiac muscle
intercalated disc
46
your sinoarterial node in the right atrium issue an electrical signal (depolarisation) which has to spread across the heart from lots of different muscles cells on the heart (this que card is back to front soz)
what tells the cardiac muscles when to contract
47
what is another name for cardiac muscle
cardiac myocytes
48
what kind of rhythmic contraction do cardiac myocytes have
intrinsic rhythmic contraction
49
in cardiac myocytes, what do gap junctions in the intercalated discs allow
synchronization of contraction between cells and allow waves of electrical excitation to sweep through the tissue.
50
skeletal muscle retains a population of myoblasts called what
satellite cells
51
what outer surface are satellite cells pressed against
sarcolemma, under the surrounding basal lamina
52
which cell can participate in damage repair in skeletal muscle
satellite cells
53
why is smooth muscle called smooth muscle
no visible striations
54
smooth muscle is also known as visceral because...
predominantly found in organs
55
smooth muscle is often found in the walls of tubes where
gut, respiratory tract, blood vessels, and the uterus...
56
in smooth muscle where does stimuli arrive from
nerve fibres of the autonomic nervous system or the stimulus for contraction or relaxation can be a hormone
57
describe the shape of a smooth muscle cell
elongated spindle shaped cells with a diameter of 5um and range in length between 20-500um
58
a single cigar shaped nucleus lies near the centre of where in smooth muscle
each fibre
59
what filaments do smooth muscle cells contain that allow contraction
actin and myosin filaments
60
what is the role of myosin and actin filaments in smooth muscle
they allow contraction
61
in smooth muscle, where do actin and myosin converge
dense bodies within the cytoplasm and focal densities at the periphery of the cell

histology of muscle (1 decks)

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