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histology of muscle > histology of muscles > Flashcards

histology of muscles Flashcards

1
Q

all cells contain what in their cyotskeleton

A

contractile fibres

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2
Q

in muscle cells, the cytoplasm is packed with contractile fibres that the cells are highly specialised for the production of what

A

contractile force

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3
Q

what is forced produced by

A

the movement of actin fibres over myosin fibres, with the aid of accessory proteins

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4
Q

what are the 4 types of muscle cells

A
  • skeletal/voluntary
  • cardiac
  • smooth/involuntary
  • myoepithelial, myofibroblasts, pericytes
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5
Q

when a muscle is described as striated, what does that mean

A

has stripes running across under the microscope

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6
Q

what is a syncytium

A

many cells coming together to form 1 very large cell

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7
Q

what 3 words are used to describe skeletal muscle

A

striated
unbranched
multiucleate

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8
Q

describe the diameter and length of fibres in skeletal muscle

A

10-100um diameter (average)
1,000-200,000um length
(very large)

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9
Q

where are the nucleus situated in skeletal muscle

A

the periphery of the fibre, just under the cell membrane

sarcolemma

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10
Q

where do skeletal muscle fibres develop from

A

myotubes

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11
Q

what do cells form when they lose their separating cell membrane

A

multinucleate myotubes

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12
Q

skeletal muscle fibres are grouped into bundles called what

A

fascicles

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13
Q

what is the connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle

A

epimysium

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14
Q

what is the connective tissue that surrounds a single fascicle(grouped muscle fibres)

A

perimysium

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15
Q

what is the connective tissue around a single skeletal muscle fibre

A

endomysium

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16
Q

-endomysium surrounds a single muscle fibre
-multiple muscle fibres bundle together to become a fascicle
-fascicles are surrounded by the perimysium
-the connective tissue that surrounds the whole muscle is called the epimysium
(this isn’t a flashcard just a fact soz)

A

: )

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17
Q

a muscle is made up of many what

A

fascicles

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18
Q

fascicles contain what

A

many muscle fibres

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19
Q

muscle fibres contain many what

A

myofibrils

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20
Q

what do myofibrils consist of

A

many sacromeres

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21
Q

what organelle can you see under the microscope when looking at a transverse section of skeletal muscle

A

nuclei

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22
Q

why are there striations on skeletal muscle

A

because the myofibrils line up

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23
Q

what special type of synapse does the motor neuron end in

A

motor end plate

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24
Q

how many muscle fibres is the motor unit made up of

A

ten-several hundred muscle fibres

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25
Q

where do motor neurons terminate

A

motor end plate

26
Q

what chemical does the arrival of action potentials in the axon release

A

acetylcholine

27
Q

where does acetylcholine initiate an action potential

A

sarcolemma

28
Q

T tubules extend from where

A

sarcolemma

29
Q

the structure composed of two branches of sarcoplasmic reticulum and one t tubule is called what

A

triad

30
Q

the t tubule flanked by segments of sarcoplasmic reticulum can be viewed where

A

electron micrograph

31
Q

where does the action potential initiated by acetylcholine travel along/to

A

travels along the sarcolemma and invades the t tubules

32
Q

what does the action potential initiated by acetylcholine release and then cause

A

Ca+ from the SR and this causes the myosin fibrils to ‘ratchet’ across the actin fibrils, shortening the sarcomere

33
Q

what do the collagen of a tendon attach to

A

the ends of muscle fibres at a specialised junction

myotendinous junction

34
Q

where is the myotendinous junction tightly anchored to

A

collagen by complex interdigitations

35
Q

why are tendons slow to heal when damaged

A

poor blood supply

36
Q

what do muscles contain that allow them to provide information on the amount of stretch in the muscle and the amount of tension in the muscle

A

muscle spindles

37
Q

what are the muscle fibres called inside muscle spindles

A

intrafusal fibres

38
Q

normal contractile muscle fibres that make up the large majority of a muscle are termed what

A

extrafusal muscle fibres

39
Q

cardiac muscles forms what

A

parts of the walls of the heart chambers and origins of the great vessels

40
Q

cardiac muscle has less of what visible description under a microscope than skeletal muscle

A

striations

41
Q

describe the size of the muscle fibres in cardiac muscle

A

50-100um

42
Q

cardiac muscles branch to form what

A

a complex network

43
Q

where are the nucleus’ of cardiac muscles(1 or 2 nucleus’ can exist) found

A

near the centre of the fibre

44
Q

in cardiac muscle, under a light microscope, what are the dark irregular lines called
(longitudinal section)

A

intercalated discs

45
Q

what is the junction called between 2 skeletal fibres in cardiac muscle

A

intercalated disc

46
Q

your sinoarterial node in the right atrium issue an electrical signal (depolarisation) which has to spread across the heart from lots of different muscles cells on the heart (this que card is back to front soz)

A

what tells the cardiac muscles when to contract

47
Q

what is another name for cardiac muscle

A

cardiac myocytes

48
Q

what kind of rhythmic contraction do cardiac myocytes have

A

intrinsic rhythmic contraction

49
Q

in cardiac myocytes, what do gap junctions in the intercalated discs allow

A

synchronization of contraction between cells and allow waves of electrical excitation to sweep through the tissue.

50
Q

skeletal muscle retains a population of myoblasts called what

A

satellite cells

51
Q

what outer surface are satellite cells pressed against

A

sarcolemma, under the surrounding basal lamina

52
Q

which cell can participate in damage repair in skeletal muscle

A

satellite cells

53
Q

why is smooth muscle called smooth muscle

A

no visible striations

54
Q

smooth muscle is also known as visceral because…

A

predominantly found in organs

55
Q

smooth muscle is often found in the walls of tubes where

A

gut, respiratory tract, blood vessels, and the uterus…

56
Q

in smooth muscle where does stimuli arrive from

A

nerve fibres of the autonomic nervous system or the stimulus for contraction or relaxation can be a hormone

57
Q

describe the shape of a smooth muscle cell

A

elongated spindle shaped cells with a diameter of 5um and range in length between 20-500um

58
Q

a single cigar shaped nucleus lies near the centre of where in smooth muscle

A

each fibre

59
Q

what filaments do smooth muscle cells contain that allow contraction

A

actin and myosin filaments

60
Q

what is the role of myosin and actin filaments in smooth muscle

A

they allow contraction

61
Q

in smooth muscle, where do actin and myosin converge

A

dense bodies within the cytoplasm and focal densities at the periphery of the cell

histology of muscle (1 decks)

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