Histology Of Epithelium And Glands

Question 1

Functions of connective tissues

Answer 1

-support
-packing
-storage
-transport
-repair
-defense

Question 2

Connectve tissues are classified based on

Answer 2

The cells,fibers,ground substances

Question 3

Extracellular fiber & ground substance

Origin :
• Mesenchymal Cells
• Permanent / resident
cell of connective tissue

Answer 3

Fibroblast&fibrocyte

Question 4

Functional state: Active

Shape : Abundant irregular branched cytoplasm

Rough endoplasmic reticulum :more

Golgi complex:Well developed

Nucleus :Large , ovoid ,euchromatic

Nucleolus: Prominent

Answer 4

Fibroblast

Question 5

Functional state: inactive/resting

Shape;spindle shaped,less process

RER: less

Golgi complex:not so developed

Nucleus: darker,hetarochromatic

Answer 5

Fibrocyte

Question 6

Origin :
• Mesenchymal Cells

Characteristics:
Flattened eccentric nucleus
Narrow rim of cytoplasm
Empty space. Large fat globule was here

Answer 6

Adipose cell

Question 7

Size : 10 – 30 micrometer in diameter Origin :
• Derived from blood monocytes

Features:
1. Cell surface / membrane : irregular with pleats, protrusions and indentations produced due to active pinocytosis and phagocytic activity.
2. Nucleus:
Size: small
Shape: oval or kidney shaped
Location: eccentrically placed
Content: rich in chromatin

3.Lysosomes: Many in number

4.Cytoplasm : filled with dense ingested particles

5. Golgi complex: well developed

Answer 7

Macrophage

Question 8

Dust cell

Answer 8

Alveoli of lungs

Question 9

Kupffer cells

Answer 9

Sinusoid of liver

Question 10

Langerhans cell

Answer 10

Epidermis of skin

Question 11

Microglia

Answer 11

Tissue of brain

Question 12

Osteoclast

Answer 12

Bone

Question 13

Origin : Progenitor cells in the bone marrow
Shape of cell: Oval or irregular Diameter / Size : 7- 20 micro meter
Location:
• Closely associated with small blood vessels
• Arranged in group or as single cells
Features:
1. Nucleus: small, centrally placed
2.. Cytoplasm : filled with basophilic densely stained secretory granules that cover / obscure central nucleus

Answer 13

Mast cell

Question 14

Secretory granules

Answer 14

a. Size: 0.3 – 2.0 micro meter in diameter

b. Shape : fine, closely packed

c. Character: display Metachromasia
Means granules can change color of some basic dye (ex.
Toludine blue) from blue to purple or red

Question 15

Origin : From B lymphocyte

Shape of cell: large / ovoid

Location: More in
• 1. loose connective tissue
• 2. Lymphatic tissue of respiratory & digestive tract
• A few present in most connective tissue

Features:
1. Cytoplasm : Basophilic. It has more RER & large Golgi apparatus
2. Nucleus:
Shape: spherical
Location: eccentrically placed

Answer 15

Plasma cell

Question 16

1.Has three major macromolecules:
-glycosaminoglycans(GAGs)
-proteoglycans
-multiadhesive glycoprotein

2. Water

Answer 16

Ground substance

Question 17

Functions of ground substance

Answer 17

-fill the space

-glycosaminoglycans provides consistency &viscosity

-structural glycoprotein fibronectin play an important role in adhesion of cells to the neighboring structures.

-Water of the ground substance allows the exchange of nutrients and metabolic wastes between cells and the blood supply.

Question 18

How many fibers are there?

Answer 18

-collagen fibers
-reticular fibers
-elastic fibers

Question 19

-key element of all connective tissue,epithelial basement membrane,external laminae of muscle and nerve cells
-synthesis by fibroblasts.
-Degraded by collagenase enzyme
-denaturation gives gelatin.

Answer 19

Collagen fiber

Question 20

Type of collagen fibers?with example?

Answer 20

• Type I – found in dermis of skin, tendon, bone, dentin

• Type II – found in cartilage, vitreous body

• Type III – Skin, muscle, blood vessels, frequently together with type I , reticular fibres

• Type IV – found in basement membrane, basal and external laminae

• Type V – found in fetal tissues, skin, bone, placenta, most interstitial tissues

Question 21

Reticular fibers

Answer 21

-type III collagen
-produced by fibroblasts
-locations: -basement membranes
-Surround adipocytes,smooth muscle,nerve
fibers,small blood vessels
-serve as supportive stroma for parenchymal
secretory cells
-abundant in stroma of bone marrow(hemopoietic),spleen, lymph nodes