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anatomy exam > histology notes > Flashcards

histology notes Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the first person to name cells?

A

Hooke

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2
Q

Who discovered protists by studying “his own samples”?

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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3
Q

What is the importance of microscopy in anatomy?

A

Pathology and histology

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4
Q

What is pathology?

A

Precise study and diagnosis of disease

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5
Q

What is histology?

A

The study of tissues

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6
Q

What do pathologists do?

A

Examine tissues, check accuracy of lab tests, and interpret results in order to facilitate patient’s diagnosis and treatment

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7
Q

What does a clinical pathologist do?

A

Oversee lab tests conducted on bodily fluids

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8
Q

What does an anatomic pathologist do?

A

Assist surgeons during operations by providing immediate diagnosis on biopsies

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9
Q

What does a forensic pathologist do?

A

Use lab science to answer questions about evidence collected for criminal and civil cases

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10
Q

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

A
  1. All living things are composed of cells
  2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things
  3. Cells come from other cells
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11
Q

What are the two main types of cells?

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

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12
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

Bacteria

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13
Q

What is the importance of prokaryotic cells?

A

Many cause diseases and some are used for vaccines

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14
Q

What are eukaryotic cells?

A

Cells that have organelles and have a nucleus

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15
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Protect and support cell

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16
Q

Which organelle has selective permeability?

A

Cell membrane

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17
Q

What is the function of the recognition glycoproteins/glycolipids on the surface of the cell membrane?

A

They are integral for cell communication and self recognition

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18
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

The organelles float inside the cytoplasm

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19
Q

What is the cytosol?

A

The watery inside of cell with salts, proteins, etc.

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20
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Make ATP

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21
Q

What is the “powerhouse of the cell”?

A

Mitochondria

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22
Q

What is the function of the ribosomes?

A

Make proteins

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23
Q

Where are the ribosomes usually found?

A

Attached to the rough ER

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24
Q

What is the “railroad system of the cell”?

A

The endoplasmic reticulum

25
Q

What is the function of the rough ER?

A

Helps package and ship proteins

26
Q

What is the function of the smooth ER?

A

Detoxification, lipid metabolism, and storage center

27
Q

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

A

Protein packaging and transportation, modifying proteins, forming secretory vesicles, and making lysosomes

28
Q

What are peroxisomes?

A

Self replicating, detoxifying, membranous sacs containing powerful enzymes

29
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

Breakdown worn out cell parts

30
Q

Which organelle is abundant in phagocytes?

31
Q

What is the function of vacuoles/vesicles?

A

Storage, mucus, and digestive enzymes

32
Q

Where are ribosomes assembled?

A

The nucleolus

33
Q

What organelle is called the “blueprint of life”?

34
Q

What is the function of the cilia?

A

Movement (ex: in respiratory system)

35
Q

What is the function of the flagella?

A

Movement (ex: sperm)

36
Q

What is the function of the microvilli?

A

Increase surface area (ex: in digestive system)

37
Q

What are three cell extensions?

A

Cilia, flagella, and microvilli

38
Q

What is the cytoskeleton?

A

The cell’s “bones”

39
Q

What are the three parts of the cytoskeleton?

A

Microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filamenta

40
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A

Vital in cell division, movement, and support

41
Q

What are glycoproteins?

42
Q

What are three different ways cells are joined together?

A

Glycoproteins, wavy contours, and special membrane junctions

43
Q

What are tight junctions?

A

Impermeable, leak-proof junctions

44
Q

What is the function of the tight junction?

A

Prevent digestive enzymes from entering the main bloodstream

45
Q

What are desmosomes?

A

Anchoring junctions in skin cells

46
Q

What is the function of desmosomes?

A

Prevent cells from pulling apart

47
Q

What are gap junctions?

A

Junctions between embryonic cells in the heart

48
Q

What is the function of the gap junction?

A

Allow communication and flow of items between cells

49
Q

What are the purposes of cells?

A

Connect, cover, communication, movement, and reproduction

50
Q

What cells help connect body parts?

A

Fibroblast and erythrocyte

51
Q

What is the function of the erythrocyte?

A

Carry oxygen and have shed organelles to make room for oxygen

52
Q

What cell covers and lines body organs?

A

Epithelial cell

53
Q

What cells move organs and body parts?

A

Muscle cells

54
Q

What cells store nutrients?

55
Q

What do epithelial cells look like?

A

Honeycombs

56
Q

What do fat cells look like?

A

Large liquid droplets

57
Q

What cells fight disease?

A

Macrophages

58
Q

What cells gather information and control body functions?

A

Nerve cells

59
Q

What are the cells of reproductions?

A

Oocyte and sperm

anatomy exam (8 decks)

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