Histology Lab Exam

Question 1

Simple Squamous ET

Answer 1

Ok

Question 2

Simple Cuboidal ET

Answer 2

1 Kidney tubules
    Selective reabsorption
2 Small ducts of sweat glands
    Excretion
3 Salivary glands
    Secretion
4 Small ducts of pancreas
    Secretion
5 Follicles of Thyroid Gland (low versus high)
    Production of thyroid hormones

Question 3

Simple Columnar ET

Answer 3

1 Lines the digestive tract
2 Forms the mucosa lining of the villi in the small intestine
3 Contains goblet cells which secrete mucin
4 Mucin and water combine to form mucous
5 Mucous is a protective and lubricating fluid
Functions: Is absorption of nutrients

Question 4

Keratinized Stratified Squamous ET

Answer 4

1 Epidermis of the skin (thick and thin)

Strength and water proofing

Question 5

Non-keratinized Stratified Squamous ET

Answer 5

1 Lines the Oral Cavity
2 Lines Oropharynx
3 Lines Esophagus
4 Lines Vagina 
5 Lines Anal Canal
    1 Protect against abrasion
    2 Maintain moisture

Question 6

Stratified Cuboidal ET

Answer 6

1 Large ducts of Sweat Glands and
2 Mammary glands
Provide Structural Support

Question 7

Stratified Columnar ET

Answer 7

1 Parts of the Epiglottis, 
2 Parts of Pharynx
3 Parts of  Anus 
4 Parts of Urethra 
5 Parts of Excretory Ducts
    Provide protection

Question 8

Simple Ciliated Columnar ET

Answer 8

Lines Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)

Transport Material Through Lumen

Question 9

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar ET

Answer 9

1 Lines Nasal Cavity
2 Lines Nasopharynx
3 Lines Trachea
4 Lines Bronchi  
    Remove Foreign Material and Bacteria.

Question 10

Pseudostratified Columnar ET (non-ciliated)

Answer 10

1 Lines the tubules of the epididymis

Regulate the Chemical Composition of the Fluid in the Lumen of the Tubules

Question 11

Transitional ET

Answer 11

1 Lines Ureters and Urinary bladder

Distension

Question 12

Glandular ET

Answer 12

The study of glandular epithelial tissue includes the histology of all glands.
The pancreas is one of the more interesting glands; as such, we will use it as an example of glandular epithelial tissue. The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions.

Question 13

Endocrine Pancreas

Answer 13

Islets of Langerhans (endocrine system cells)
Alpha cells secrete glucagon in response to low blood sugar. Glucagon stimulates hydrolysis of glycogen (glycogenolysis). Glucagon also stimulates hydrolysis of fat (lipolysis) when glycogen stores are low, e.g., during fasting or prolonged exercise.
Beta cells secrete insulin in response to high blood sugar. Insulin stimulates the uptake of glucose. Glucose may be oxidized for ATP or may be used to synthesize glycogen (glycogenosis).

Question 14

Exocrine Pancreas

Answer 14

The pancreatic acinar cells produce pancreatic enzymes. These enzymes travel through the pancreatic duct to the duodenum of the small intestine.

Question 15

Cells of Connective Tissue

9 Total

Answer 15

1 Fibroblast - Produces collagen and elastic fibers.
2 Reticulocyte or Reticuloblast - Produces reticular fibers
3 Chondrocyte - Cartilage cell
4 Osteocyte - Bone cell
5 Adipocyte- Fat cell
6 Mast Cell - Produces heparin and histamine
7 Monocyte - Phagocytic WBC in the Vasculature
8 Macrophage- A monocyte that is in the interstitial space
9 Plasma Cell - Produces antibodies

Question 16

Fibers of Connective Tissue
1 of 3 Fibers: Collagen
2 of 3 Fibers: Elastic
3 0f 03 Fibers: Reticular

Answer 16

1 Collagen - Strong, not flexible
2 Elastic Fibers - Not very strong but very flexible; functions include elasticity and extensibility
3 Reticular fibers- Highly branched, internal structure of lymphatic organs and liver, slightly flexible but not very strong

Question 17

1 of 6 CT Proper:
Loose or (Areolar) CT

Answer 17

Loosely arranged Collagen (thick) and Elastic fibers (thin). Contains Fibroblasts (produce collagen fibers and Elastic Fibers)Plasma Cells, Macrophages, and Mast Cells. Strong and flexible. Binds Skin to Muscles (superficial fascia) and surrounds muscles (deep fascia). Surrounds blood vessels and nerves. Fluid matrix which facilitates diffusion. Also found in the papillary region of the dermis (upper 1/5 to 1/4)

Question 18

2 of 6 CT Proper:

Dense Irregular CT

Answer 18

Densely packed Collagen Fibers Dermis of Skin. Interwoven in all Directions. Contains Fibroblasts. Forms the Reticular Region of the Dermis (lower 3/4 to 4/5), Fibrous Capsules of Organs and Joints and Periosteum of Bone.

Question 19

3 of 6 CT Proper:

Dense Regular CT or White Fibrous CT

Answer 19

Collagen Fibers that are Densely Packed. Parallel to the long axis of the Tendon or Ligament. Forms Tendons( bone to tissue) and Ligaments (bone to bone; also stabilize bones)

Question 20

4 of 6 CT Proper:

Elastic CT

Answer 20

Elastic Fibers Interwoven into Sheets. Found in the Walls of Large Arteries and Lower Respiratory Tract. Contain Fibroblast. Aorta- Arteries ( allows arteries to expand and recoil). Extensible and elastic

Question 21

5 of 6 CT Proper:

Reticular CT

Answer 21

Reticular Fibers are modified collagen fibers. Irregularly Arranged. Found lymphatic Organs (Liver, Spleen, Lymph Nodes, Thymus and Bone Marrow). Contains Reticuloblasts, Mast cells, and Macrophages. Copper color

Question 22

6 of 6 CT Proper:
Adipose CT
Adipocytes

Answer 22

Located Throughout the Body but mainly in the Hypodermis. Store triglycerides. All organelles are pushed to the periphery. Covers the surface of the Heart, Omentum, around Kidneys, back of the Eye, and surrounds joints. Adipose protects, pads, stores fat (energy) and insulates.

Question 23

1 of 2 Supporting CT: Compact or Dense Bone Supporting
Osteocytes (bone cell) living in Lacunae. Laying down concentric rings of calcium. Concentric Rings are Called Lamella. Lamella are formed by osteocytes laying down concentric rings. Nutrients pass through Minute canals called canaliculi carry nutrients between the Haversian canal and lacunae, and between adjacent lacunae.

Answer 23

Compact bones forms The outer side of bone.
Haversian systems; Center of Haversian System is called Haversian canal (dark whole). Running perpendicular to the plane is a small BV called a Nutrient Vessel. The canal contains a nerves and blood supply. The osteocytes are in spaces called lacunae within the matrix. Lacunae. Laying down concentric rings of calcium. Concentric Rings are Called Lamella. Lamella are formed by osteocytes laying down concentric rings. Nutrients pass through Minute canals called canaliculi carry nutrients between the Haversian canal and lacunae, and between adjacent lacunae.

Question 24

2 of 2 Supporting CT: Spongy or Cancellous Bone Supporting CT

Answer 24

Forms the inner portion of flat bones and the epiphyses of long bones. Spongy bone is porous and highly vascular. Spongy bone makes the bone lighter and provides spaces for red bone marrow where hemopoiesis occurs.

Question 25

Cartilage

Answer 25

Cartilage tissue is composed of chondrocytes contained within a matrix. The chondrocytes are contained within spaces called lacunae. Lacunae may contain one or several chondrocytes. Mature cartilage is avascular and thus very slow to heal following an injury.

Question 26

1 of 3 Cartilage: Hyaline Cartilage CT
Chondrocytes (cell) located Lacuna
Matrix

Answer 26

Most common cartilage in the body. Known as gristle in meat. Forms articular surfaces of bones called Articular Cartilage, found b/w ribs and sternum called Costal Cartilage. Forms the rings in trachea and upper respiratory tract, Hyaline Cartilage forms part of the nasal septum, (sternocostal joints) and Hyaline Cartilage forms the fetal skeleton.

Question 27

2 of 3 Cartilage: Elastic Cartilage CT
Chondrocytes (cell) located Lacuna
Matrix

Answer 27

Very flexible cartilage containing elastic fibers. Found in the external ear, epiglottis, larynx, and auditory canal.

Question 28

3 of 3 Cartilage: Fibrocartilage CT
Chondrocytes (cell) located Lacuna
Collagen Fiber

Answer 28

Strong and able to withstand compression. Fibrocartilage Forms the menisci of the knee, intervertebral disk, and symphysis pubis.

Question 29

Blood or Vascular Tissue
RBC Erythrocytes
WBC Leukocytes

Answer 29

Blood is about 45% cells
55% plasma.
plasma is the liquid matrix in which the cells are suspended.
Plasma is 91.5% water and 7.5% protein.
Erythrocytes (RBC) make up 94% of the formed elements; their function is carry oxygen.
Mature red blood cells are anucleated and packed with hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein which binds oxygen.
Leukocytes (WBC) comprise 0.14% of the formed elements. These are important in immunity.
Thrombocytes (platelets) make up 6% of the formed elements. Platelets are important in clot formation (hemostasis)

Question 30

1 of 3 Skeletal Muscle
Fiber Cells
fascicles

Answer 30

voluntary or striated muscle.
muscles are attached to the bones of the skeleton, and we have conscious control over them. The individual cells (fibers) are long and parallel to each other. They are often grouped into bundles called fascicles. At high magnifications, lines (striations) can be seen perpendicular to the long axis of the cell. The cells are multinucleate, and the nuclei are found superficially just under the plasma membrane.

Question 31

2 of 3 Cardiac Muscle

Answer 31

The musculature found in the heart. Similar to skeletal muscle in that striations can be seen at high magnifications. The individual cells are branched and interconnected at special junctions called intercalated discs. Each cell has one nucleus.

Question 32

3 of 3

Answer 32

Also known as involuntary muscle. This muscle type is found in the walls of internal organs, blood vessels, and bronchioles in the lungs. Individual cells are thick in the center and taper toward the ends, and contain a single nucleus. There are no striations in these cells. Collectively, they are typically arranged both circularly and longitudinally in the walls of an organ or blood vessel. Therefore on a typical slide preparation, you will see both transverse and longitudinal sections of this tissue at the same time