Histology + Embryology

Question 1

Histology of the nasal cavity roof?

Answer 1

Olfactory epithelium

Question 2

What is olfactory epithelium?

Answer 2

Respiratory epithelium - goblet cells + cilia

Question 3

What is respiratory epithelium?

Answer 3

Pseudostratified squamous epithelium + goblet cells

Question 4

Histology of the vestibules?

Answer 4

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 5

Histology of the oropharynx + larygopharynx?

Answer 5

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 6

Histology of the epiglottis?

Answer 6

Top half = stratified squamous epithelium + bottom half = respiratory epithelium + seromucous glands

Question 7

Histology of the larynx?

Answer 7

Respiratory epithelium + cartilage

Question 8

Cartilage of the larynx from top to bottom?

Answer 8

Epiglottis, thyroid, arytenoid, cricoid + corniculate

Question 9

Histology of the vocal folds?

Answer 9

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 10

Histology of the trachea?

Answer 10

Respiratory lining + seromucous glands + cartilage + trachealis muscle

Question 11

Histology of the primary bronchi?

Answer 11

Respiratory lining + seromucous glands + cartilage

Question 12

Histology of the lobar bronchi?

Answer 12

Respiratory lining + seromucous glands + irregular cartilage plaques

Question 13

Histology of the bronchioles?

Answer 13

Ciliated columnar or cuboidal epithelium + club cells

Question 14

Function of club cells?

Answer 14

Secrete a component of surfactant

Question 15

Histology of alveoli?

Answer 15

Simple squamous epithelium + type I/II + dust cells

Question 16

What are dust cells?

Answer 16

Alveolar macrophages

Question 17

Histology of type I alveoli?

Answer 17

Thin cytoplasm to allow fast diffusion

Question 18

Histology of type II alveoli?

Answer 18

Cell covered in microvilli

Question 19

Level of oesopagus + trachea origin?

Answer 19

C6

Question 20

Level of lung apices?

Answer 20

T1

Question 21

Level of anterior 1st rib + jugular notch?

Answer 21

T2/3

Question 22

Level of azygous arch?

Answer 22

T3

Question 23

Level of aortic arch?

Answer 23

T4

Question 24

Level of tracheal bifurcation?

Answer 24

T5-T7

Question 25

Level of oblique fissure anterior to posterior?

Answer 25

6th rib to T3

Question 26

Level of horizontal fissure anterior to posterior?

Answer 26

4th rib to 5th rib

Question 27

What week to lungs start to develop?

Answer 27

4

Question 28

Name 2 types of respiratory congenital defect + what they mean?

Answer 28

Oesophgeal atresia (upper + lower oesophagus are separate) and tracheoesophageal fistula (trachea and oeshopgus and connected)

Question 29

What germ layer forms the respiratory lining?

Answer 29

The endoderm

Question 30

What germ layer forms the respiratory muscle and cartilage?

Answer 30

The mesoderm

Question 31

Order of embryonic lung stages (elephants play chess in sunny africa)?

Answer 31

Embryonic, pseudoglandular, cannicular, saccular and alveolar

Question 32

Histology of the nasal cavity + nasopharynx?

Answer 32

Respiratory epithelium + seromucous glands