Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Digestive System > Histology- Digestive System > Flashcards

Histology- Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

General organization for the entire GI tract

Epithelium

4 layers

A

Epithelium: Stratified squamous or simple columnar

4 Layers: Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis Externa, Serosa o Adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

There are 4 types of mucus membranes.

A

Protective: stratified squamous epithelium

Secretory: simple columnar epithelium

Absorptive (nutrients): Simple columnar cells

Absorptive (Water and Electrolytes): simple columnar cells and switch to stratified squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Location of 4 types of mucus membrane

Protective - stratified squamous epithelium

Secretory - simple columnar epithelium

Absorptive (Nutrients) - Simple columnar cells

Absorptive (Water & Electrolytes) - Simple columnar cellswill switch to stratified squamous in anus

A

Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and anus

Stomach

Small intestine

Large intestine and switch to stratified squamous in anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Type 1 of mucus membrane
where is it found?

A

Protective: stratified squamous
Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Type 2 of mucus membrane
where is it found?

A

Secretory: Simple columnar epithelium
Stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Type 3 of mucus membrane
where is it found?

A

Absorptive (Nutrients) - Simple columnar cells
Small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Type 4 of mucus membrane
where is it found?

A

Absorptive (water and electrolytes)- Simple columnar cells
Large intestine and switch to stratified squamous in the Anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Identify the structure

A

F. Epithelium
E. Mucosa
D. Muscularis Mucosa
C. Submucosa
A-D: Muscularis externa: B. Inner circular layer and A. Outter longitudinal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Identify the organ

A

Esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Esophagus: Identify each number and lines

A

1.Lamina propia
2.Stratified squamous Epithelium
3.Muscularis Mucosa
4.Duct
5.Mucus glands in the Submucosa (only on the esophagus and duodenum)
6.Inner Circular layer
7.Otter Longitudinal layer
8. Auerbach’s (or myenteric) plexus

Green line: Mucosa or mucus membrane
Blue line: Submucosa
Yellow line: Muscularis Externa
Adventitia is after the muscularis externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Identify the organ

A

Esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Identify the organ

A

Esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Esophagus histology functions

A

Mucosa: composed of stratified Squamous Epithelium and lamina propia and muscularis mucosa

Submucosa: these glands secrete mucus to lubricate the esophagus and duodenum. Help passage of the food bolus.

Muscularis Externa: Transition from skeletal muscle in the upper portions (voluntary control) to Smooth muscle in the lower portion (involuntary control).

Large folds due to muscularis Externa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which type of epithelium lines the mucosa of the esophagus, providing a protective barrier against mechanical stress?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of muscle transitions occurs in the muscularis externa of the esophagus?

A

Transition from skeletal muscle to smooth muscle.
Transition from voluntary control to involuntary control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of the inner circular layer of muscularis externa in the esophagus?

A

Paristalsis: help movement of food into the stomach
Sphincter Function: The inner circular layer thicknes to form a lower esophageal sphincter (LES) at the lower end of the esophagus. Helps prevents acid reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which layer of the esophagus contains mucus-secreting glands that facilitate the passage of food?

A

Submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What external layer anchors the esophagus to surrounding structures in the thorax?

A

Adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which muscle type is found in the upper portion of the muscularis externa of the esophagus?

A

Skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What structure in the esophagus helps prevent acid reflux?

A

Inner circular layer of muscularis externa: Lowe esophageal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of epithelial cells line in the small intestine for nutrient absorption?

A

Simple columnar epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Stomach histology

A

Mucosa: Simple Columnar Epithelium, Lamina Propia, Muscularis Mucosa, Gastric Pits, Gastric Glands

Submucosa

Muscularis Externa: 3 layers only in the stomach. Inner Oblique, Middle Circular and Outer Longitudinal

Adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Gastric pits

A

-lined by simple columnnar cells that are Mucus-secreting cells

-are the opening of the gastric glands

-In the neck of the gastric pit mucus- neck cells are secrete and lined up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Gastric glands

A

-tubular structures that extend downwards from the bottom of the gastric pits into deeper layer of the stomach mucosa

-are located within the stomach

-they are composed of 5 types of cells that secrete different substances vital for digestion: Mucus-secreting cells, neck cells, Paritetal cells, chief cells, and enteroendocrine cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Mucus and Neck cells
-secrete mucus -protect the stomach from digesting itself -line the lumen and gastric pits -found in the neck of the gastric pit
26
Parietal cells: Exocrine cells
-Secrete HCL for the hydrolysis of proteins -HCL makes ph=2 (very acidic) a significant decrease in the Ph of the stomach and creates a strong acidic environment in the stomach for the hydrolysis of proteins ( breakdown of proteins into smaller parts). -Fundus and body of the stomach have Parietal cells (for the production of HCL) and Chief cells (for the production of Pepsinogen)
27
Chief Cells: Exocrine cells
-Secrete Pepsinogen -Pepsiogen+HCL=Pepsin (a protease) to breakdown protein -when pepsiogen contacts the acidic enviroment in the stomach  and its converted into pepsin, this is active and breaks down proteins. -Fundus and body of the stomach have Chief cells
28
Exocrine glands
Secrete substances through a duct to external or internal surfaces (enzymes, mucus, sweat, oil etc)see
29
Endocrine Glands
Release hormones directly into the bloodstream without ducts.
30
Enteroendocrine cells
Secrete the hormone gastrin
31
Gastrin
Hormone that stimulates the secretion of the HCL from parietal cells and pepsinogen from chief cells. Regulatory cells
32
What type of cells line the gastric pits in this organ's mucosa?
Simple columnar epithelial cells or mucus-secreting cells
33
Which cells in this organ secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl)?
Parietal cells
34
What are the unique 3 layers of muscularis externa found only in the stomach?
Innermost Oblique  Middle circular  Outer longitudinal
35
What do chief cells secrete in the stomach, and what is its role in digestion?
Pepsinogen, which is converted to pepsin in the presence of acidic conditions to break down proteins
36
Which hormone is secreted by enteroendocrine cells in the stomach to stimulate the secretion of HCl?
Gastrin
37
Muscle that is form from a thicken layer of middle circular layer
Pyloric Sphincter muscle
38
Identify the organ and the numbers.
Stomach 1.Muscularis mucosa 2.Submucosa 3.Muscularis Externa: Inner oblique and Midde circle 4.Otter longitudinall 5.Adventitia 6.Mucosa
39
Identify the organ
Stomach
40
Small intestine Histology
Epithelium: Simpler columnar cells and lamina propia Mucosa: -Structure that increases surface area of the epithelium: Plica cicularis or circular folds, Villi, Microvilli -Crypts of Lieberkühn: paneth cells and goblet cells -Lacteal Vessels -Peyers Patches Submucosa: Brunners glands only un duodenum Muscularis externa: Inner circular layer and Outer longitudinal layer
41
Plica Circularis
Permanent circular folds of the mucosa and submucosa that increase surface area. They are found inside of the small intestine
42
Villi
Macroscopic, finger-like projection of the mucosa that greatly increases the absorptive surface area.
43
Microvilli
Microscopic folds on the apical surface of epithelial cells
44
Crypts of Lieberkuehn
Glands located between the villi. Contain paneth cells and Goblet cells. contribute to both digestive processes and immune defense.
45
Paneth Cells
located at the base of crypts. Secretes lysozymes (to lyse to destroy bacteria)
46
Goblet cells
mucus-secreting cells provide lubrication and protection. look like water goblets
47
Lacteal Vessels
Specialized lymphatic ducts within each villus that absorb and transport fats
48
Peyers Patches
-aggregated lymphoid nodules -MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) - found in the ileum for immune survellance
49
Duodenum Histology
Mucosa: Villi Submucosa: Brunner's glands Muscularis externa: Inner circular layer or Circular Muscle and Outer longitudinal layer or longitudinal muscle Enteroendocrine cells: Cholecytokinin (CCK) and Secretin
50
Identify the organ
Duodenum
51
Gastro-duodenal Junction
-Is a transition from gastric pits in the stomach to villi in the duodenum. -the stomach ends, and the part of the small intestine begins (duodenum)
52
What are the macroscopic projections in the mucosa that increase the surface area for absorption in this organ?
Villi
53
What is the name of the specialized lymphatic ducts within each villus that absorb and transport fats?
Lacteal Vessels
54
What glands located between the villi contain cells that secrete lysozymes?
Crypts of Lieberkühn
55
What are the aggregated lymphoid nodules found in the small intestine called?
Peyer's patches
56
Brunners glands
-mucus-secreting glands in the submucosa -submucosal mucus cells are only located in the esophagus and duodenum -neutralize stomach acid entering the duodenum
57
Enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine
-secrete 2 hormones in response to arrival of food -Hormones CCK and Secretin
58
cholecytokinin (CCK)
stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile aiding in fat digestion
59
Secretin
stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich digestive juices helping neutralize gastric acid
60
What increases the surface area for absorption in the small intestine?
Villi, microvilli, and plica circularis.
61
What is the primary function of the simple columnar epithelium in this organ?
Absorption of nutrients
62
Describe the structure of the muscularis externa in the small intestine
Inner cicular layer outer longitudinal layer
63
What microscopic structures form the brush border that enhances absorption in the small intestine?
microvilli
64
Where are Brunner's glands located in the small intestine?
in the duodenum
65
What are Brunner's glands, and where are they located within the duodenum?
Brunner's glands are mucus-secreting glands located in the submucosa of the duodenum
66
What specific function do the secretions of Brunner's glands serve in the duodenum?
Their secretions neutralize stomach acid entering the duodenum from the stomach
67
Jejunum Histology
1.Mucosa: Villi 2.Muscularis mucosae 3. Submucosa: Payers Patches (MALT) 4. Muscularis externa 5.Serosa
68
Identify part of the small intestine
Jejunum
69
Identify part of the small intestine
Jejunum
70
Ilium Histology
1. Mucosa: villi, Enterocytes cells, goblet cells, crypts, paneth cells 2. Muscularis mucosae 3. Submucosa: Payers Patches (MALT) 4.Muscularis externa:

Digestive System (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions