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Anatony and Physiology > Histology (Ch. 4) > Flashcards

Histology (Ch. 4) Flashcards

1
Q

Four Categories of tissue

A

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscular

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2
Q

Organ Definition

A

A structure with descrete boundaries that is composed of two or more tissue types

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3
Q

Histology

A

the study of tissues and how they are arranged into organs

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4
Q

Epithelial

A

Tissues composed of layers of closely spaced cells that cover organ surfaces from glands, and serve protection, secretion, and absorption.

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5
Q

Connective

A

Tissue with usually more matrix than cell volume, often specialized to support, bind and protect organs.

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6
Q

Nervous

A

Tissues containing excitable cells specialized for more rapid transmission of coded information to other cells.

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7
Q

Muscular

A

Tissue composed of elongated, excitable muscle cells specialized for contraction.

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8
Q

3 primary germ layers

A

Ectoderm- (Gives rise to epidermis)
Endoderm (gives rise to mucous membrane lining digestive and respiratory tracts, digestive glands, among other things.)
Mesoderm (becomes gelatinous tissue called mesenchyme. (muscle bone and blood)

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9
Q

Simple squamos epithelium

A

single layer of flat ells
Allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration in sites where protectionis not important. Secretes lubricating substances in serosae

In Kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels, lining of ventral body cavity (Serosae)

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10
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Single layer of cubeliike cells
secrete abd absorb
kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface

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11
Q

Simple Columnar epithelium

A

Single layer tall cells
absorbs; secretion of mucus, enzymes and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus by ciliary action
nonciliated located in lining of digestive tract, gall bladder, and excretory glands. Ciliated in small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus.

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12
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

single layer of cells differing in height.
secrete substances particularly mucus.
propel mucus by ciliary.
nonciliated: sperm ducts, large gland ducts,
Ciliated: trachea, most of upper resp.

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13
Q

Stratified squamos epithelium

A

thick membrane. basal cells are cuboidal or columnar. surface is always pushed up by younger cells.
protects underlying layers in areas of abrasion.
Nonkeritinized: in lining of mouth, esophogus and vagina.
Keratinized form skin

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14
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

rare. two layers cuboidal. sweat and mammary glands

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15
Q

stratified columnar epithilium

A

limited displacement. pharynx, urethra, gland ducts, transition areas.

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16
Q

Glandular epithilium

A

unicellular glands scattered b/w epithelial sheets.

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17
Q

connective tissues

A

common origin: mesenchyme. vascularity.

matrix allows connective tissue to bear weight.

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18
Q

Loose connective tissue (LCT)

A

areolar
adipose
reticular

19
Q

Areolar

A

fibroblasts. gel-like matrix. wraps, cushions organs under epithelium. packages organ, surrounds capillaries

20
Q

Adipose

A

closely packed fat cells. provide food fuel reserves.

support and protect organs in under skin, around eyeballs, kidneys abdomen and breasts.

21
Q

Reticular

A

Loose network reticular fibers.

form soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types. in lymphoid organs.

22
Q

Dense Connective Tissue

A

Regular
irregular
elastic

23
Q

Regular (DCT)

A

parallel collagen fibers. Few elastic fibers. Attaches muscle to bone. Tendons, ligaments,

24
Q

Irregular

A

Irregularly arranged collagen fibers. some elastic. withstands tensions. in fibrous joint capsules. digestive tract.

25
Q

Elastic

A

Dense regular w/ lots of elastic. allows tissues to recoil after stretching.
Artery walls. w/in some ligaments.

26
Q

Cartilage - Hyaline

A

Amorphous but firm maatrix
supports, reinforces, cushions, resists stress.
Forms most embryonic skeleton. ends of long bones. Ribs, Nose, Trachea.

27
Q

Cartilage- Elastic

A

more elastic than hyaline

maintains shape, yet flexible externa; ear, epiglotus

28
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

less firm than hyaline. thick collagen. tensile strength absorbs shock.
in vertebral disks, pubic symphisis. disks of knee joint

29
Q

Bone

A

hard. supports protects.

30
Q

White adipose vs. Brown

A

White stores nutrients.

Brown creates heat (in babies, spine and neck) b/c abundant mitochondria

31
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

long cylindrical multinucleated and striations. voluntary movements. attaches to bone and skin

32
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Branching, striated, uninucleated cells. As it contracts, pushes blood into circ. Involuntary

33
Q

smooth muscle

A

spindle-shaped elongated cells. Central nuclei. Propels substances along internal passageways. involuntary. walls of hollow organs.

34
Q

Tight junctions

A

seals cells together in an epithelial sheet. the tissue prevents leakage

35
Q

Desmosomes

A

patch (clothing snap) intermediate filaments

36
Q

Gap junctions

A

Allows passage of small water-soluble ions and molecules.

37
Q

Gland

A

Cell or organ that secretes for use in body for elimination

38
Q

Exocrine

A

outside of body into duct (tears)

39
Q

Endocrine

A

Into body directly through bloodstream (adrenals)

40
Q

Serous vs. Mucous

A

Serous line body cavities that are closed to exterior. Moist. Simple squamos. Named by location and organ
Pericardium, pleurae etc…
Mucous line cavities open to exterior. wet. stratified squamos or simple columnar.

41
Q

Hyperplasia

A

increase in # of cells

42
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in size of cells

43
Q

neoplasia

A

disorganized. harmful growth of cells

Anatony and Physiology (4 decks)

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