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Histology > Histology Bone > Flashcards

Histology Bone Flashcards

1
Q

Process of Osteocyte Formation

A

Mesenchyme -> Osteoprogenitor Cells -> Osteoblast -> Osteocyte

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2
Q

What is the Function of Osteoclasts?

A

Absorb Bone Cells

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3
Q

What are Osteoclasts Regulated By?

A

Calcium Levels

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4
Q

If Osteoblasts are Stimulated, Then _______

A

Calcium Levels Are Low

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5
Q

If Osteoclasts are Stimulated, Then _____

A

Calcium Levels are High

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6
Q

Characteristics of Trabeculae

A

No Central Canal, Red Bone Marrow Formation, Surrounded by Blood

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7
Q

What is the Purpose of Canaliculi?

A

To Allow Communication Between Osteocytes

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8
Q

The Skeletal System is Composed of:

A

Bones, Cartilage, and Joints

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9
Q

How do nutrients actually get into bone?

A

From the Periosteum (blood vessels, nerves, etc…, penetrating the compact bone tissue through Perforating (Volkmann’s) Canals

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10
Q

What do the Volkmann’s Canals connect?

A

The Medullary Cavity, Periosteum, and the Central (Haversian) Canals

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11
Q

True or False: Bones in infants are rigid and hard.

A

False

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12
Q

True or False: You can NOT tell the difference between Intramembranous Ossification and Endochondral Ossification after the bone is formed.

A

True

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13
Q

Fontanels in an infant skull (soft spots) are composed of ______ and are eventually replaced by bone through _________.

A

Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue, Intramembranous Ossification

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14
Q

Step 1 of Intramembranous Bone Formation:
At the site where bone will develop, _________ cluster together and differentiate into __________ and then into ___________.

A

Mesenchyme Cells, Osteoprogenitor Cells, Osteoblasts

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15
Q

Step 2 of Intramembranous Bone Formation:
Matrix secretion stops and those cells become ____ and lie within ______

A

Osteocytes, Lacunae

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16
Q

When matrix secretion stops, calcium and other minerals start to be deposited leading to ______

A

The matrix to be calcified

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17
Q

Step 3 of Intramembranous Bone Formation:
As bone matrix starts to form, it develops into _______ that fuse with one another to form ______ bone with the appearance of __________.

A

Trabeculae, Precursor, Spongy Bone

18
Q

When mesenchyme cells start to condense on the outer surface of the developing bone forming ______.

A

The Periosteum (Dense Irregular Connective Tissue)

19
Q

Step 4 of Intramembranous Bone Formation:
The condensed mesenchyme develops into ______.

A

Periosteum

20
Q

What is Remodeling?

A

When surface layers of spongy bones are replaced by compact bone, leaving spongy bone in the center.

21
Q

What is Endochondral Bone Formation?

A

Replacement of Cartilage by Bone

22
Q

Step 1 of Endochondral Bone Formation:
Development of a _______. Where bone will form, ________ gather in the rough shape of future bone. Those cells differentiate into ______ that produce ______. A _______ develops around the cartilage structure.

A

Cartilage Precursor, Mesenchyme Cells, Chondroblasts, Hyaline Cartilage, Perichondrium

23
Q

Step 2 of Endochondral Bone Formation:
Cartilage grows by _____ cell division. A nutrient artery penetrates the ______, which is the start of bone formation. ________ in the perichondrium are stimulated to form _______

A

Continual, Perichondrium, Osteoprogenitor Cells, Ostepblasts

24
Q

Once the perichondrium starts to form bone, it is now called:

A

Periosteum

25
Q

Step 3 of Endochondral Bone Formation:
Development of Primary Ossification - _______ grow into disintegrating cartilage and form the ______ center where _____ will replace most of the cartilage.

A

Capillaries, Primary Ossification, Bone Tissue

26
Q

Deposit bone matrix over the remnants of calcified cartilage.

A

Osteoblasts

27
Q

Step 3 of Endochondral Bone Formation (Continued):
The ossification center _____ towards the ends of the bone.

A

Enlarges

28
Q

Break down former spongy bone areas leaving a new medullary cavity.

A

Osteoclasts

29
Q

Step 4 of Endochondral Bone Formation:
The shaft (diaphysis), which was spongy bone, is replaced by ______ with a core of red bone marrow-filled ________.

A

Compact Bone, Medullary Cavity

30
Q

When do Secondary Ossification Centers develop?

A

When blood vessels enter the epiphyses (ends), Typically around the time of birth

31
Q

Step 5 of Endochondral Bone Formation:
Within Secondary Ossification Centers, ______ remains in the interior of the ______ (no medullary cavity). ______ remains covering the epiphyses.

A

Spongy Bone, Epiphyses, Hyaline Cartilage

32
Q

What are the five zones of a plate of epiphyseal cartilage (starting from the epiphyseal side)?

A

Resting Zone, Proliferative Zone, Hypertrophic Zone, Calcified Zone, Ossification Zone

33
Q

True or False: Bone remodeling is a constant process even into adulthood.

A

True

34
Q

The rate of bone growth in children may be up to ____ times that of an adults.

A

200

35
Q

What is the process of healing bone after a fracture?

A
  1. Blood vessels crossing the bone are broken.
  2. Capillaries begin to grow into hematoma and organized tissue (Procallus) forms.
  3. Osteoprogenitor cells begin to develop into osteoblasts which begin to produce new spongy bone that bridges the ends of the broken bone.
  4. Remodeling of the Callus
36
Q

What is involved in the process of blood vessels being broken when a bone is fractured?
- This process takes place 6-8 Hours after the Fracture occurs

A

Blood leaks into area and forms a clot (Fracture Hematoma), Hematoma serves as a focus of cellular invasion to help heal the fracture, White blood cells start to flow into the area to clean debris

37
Q

What processes take place during the phase that Procallus is formed?
*Lasts about 3 Weeks

A

Fibroblasts begin to secrete collagen (helps joins fracture ends), Chondroblasts (Cartilage cells) lay down cartilage tissue and procallus, which is now Fibrocartilaginous (Soft) Callus

38
Q

When Osteoprogenitor cells begin to develop into osteoblasts, what else occurs?
*Takes Roughly 3-4 Months

A

The callus is then referred to as a Bony (Hard) Callus

39
Q

What else is included in the remodeling of the callus?

A

Dead portions of the original fracture are gradually reabsorbed by osteoclasts, Compact bone replaces Spongy bone.

40
Q

What is Osteoporosis?

A

Condition where the basic problem is that bone reabsorption outpaces bone formation and the bones weaken.

Histology (2 decks)

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