HISTOLOGY AND PHYSIO OF BONES

Question 1

BONE also called ?

Answer 1

OSTEON

Question 2

contents of bone(osteon)

Answer 2

1) organic(30-35%)
2) inorganic60-65%
3) water(increased in children

Question 3

organic components of bone?

Answer 3

1) cells(5-10%) (osteoclasts,osteoblasts,osteocytes)

2) protein ( collagen type 1,osteocalcin and osteonectin)

Question 4

inorganic components of bone?

Answer 4

1)ca2+
2)po4-
majority in hyproxyapetite form

Question 5

osteoblasts aka ?

rich in enzyme?

Answer 5

aka builders

rich in alp(alkaline phosphatase)

Question 6

osteoclasts are?

Answer 6

multinucleated aggregates of monocytes
phagocytic
least in number
reabsorb and remodel

Question 7

osteocytes are?

Answer 7

mature/tired or spent osteoblasts
MOST abundant
longest lifespan

Question 8

bone collagen type

Answer 8

type one collagen in bone

Question 9

meniscus collagen type

Answer 9

type 1 cllagen in meniscus

Question 10

annulus fibrosis collagen type

Answer 10

type 1 collagen in annulus fibrosis

Question 11

articular cartilage collagen type

Answer 11

type 2 collagen articular cartilage

Question 12

nucleus pulposis collagen type

Answer 12

type 2 collagen in nucleus pulposis

Question 13

OSTEOBLAST rich in which enzyme?

Answer 13

alkaline phosphatase

Question 14

OSTEOCLAST rich in which enzyme

Answer 14

1) TRAP- tartarate resistant acid phosphatase

2) Carbonic anhydrase

Question 15

bone formation markers

Answer 15

1) ALP
2) osteocalcin
3) osteonectin
4) procollagen

Question 16

bone breakdown markers

Answer 16

1) hydroxyproline
2) hydroxylysine
3) n and c telopeptide
4) TRAP enzyme

Question 17

growth plate between

Answer 17

metaphysis and epiphysis

Question 18

which structure tethers the periosteum to the bone?

Answer 18

sharpeys fibers

Question 19

periosteum is? and function?

Answer 19

fibrous sheath around bone responsible for nutrition and growth

Question 20

periosteum absent in ?

Answer 20

articular surface ans sesmoid bones(eg patella)

Question 21

why -metaphysis-more incidence of tumor and infections?

Answer 21

abundant blood supply-hairpin loop fashion

sluggish blood supply-more stasis-lower wbc and other defences

Question 22

types of bone?

Answer 22

1- immature bone(improperly organised collagen-aka as woven bone-weak)
2-mature bone(well organised collagen-aka as lamellar bone)…..

mature bone divided into - 1) spongy/cancellous bone
2) compact/cortical bone

Question 23

spongy/cancellous bone present in and characteristics?

Answer 23

present in epi and metaphysis

1) more surfacearea
2) more bonecells
3) more vascular

Question 24

cortical compact bone present in?

Answer 24

present in diaphysis

Question 25

metaphyseal #

Answer 25

usually heals-may go into MALunion-never NON UNION

Question 26

diaphyseal #

Answer 26

can go into non union

Question 27

epiphyseal #

Answer 27

osteoarthiritis- decreased ROM

Question 28

bone is radio opaque d/t ?

Answer 28

minerals

Question 29

growth plate zones from epiphysis to metaphysis

Answer 29

1) germinal zone
2) reserve zone
3) proliferative zone
4) maturation and hypertrophy zone
5) zone of calcification
6) zone of ossification

Question 30

most important layer

Answer 30

germinal zone

Question 31

most weakest layer

Answer 31

hypertrophic layer

Question 32

what is interstitial growth

Answer 32

when bone grows in length

Question 33

what is appositional growth

Answer 33

bone growth in thickness