Histology Flashcards
what are the 4 sections of the blood supply to the kidney?
renal artery - interlobar arteries - arcuate artery - interlobular arteries
in what part of the kidney is the interlobular artery only present?
renal cortex
which arteries supply the glomerulus?
interlobular arteries
what makes up renal corpuscles?
glomerular capillaries and Bowman’s space
Describe the venous drainage of the kidney
interlobular vein - arcuate vein - interlobar vein - renal vein
why do proximal tubules take up more stain than distal tubules?
high numbers of mitochondria present due to their high level of active transport
why is the lumen of the proximal tubule more difficult to see?
brush boarder of micro villi
how can vasa recta capillaries be easily identified in section?
presence of erythrocytes rather than fluid
where are medullary rays located?
centre of a lobule in cortex not medulla
what are medullary rays formed of?
rays of medullary tissue formed of parts of loops of Henle and collecting ducts associated with cortical nephrons
what smooth muscle layers are seen in the ureter?
longitudinal and circular
what are the 3 layers of urothelium?
basal layer, intermediate layers, surface cells
what is the function of surface urothelial cells?
form a watertight barrier and unable stretch
how do umbrella cells of urothelium form a watertight barrier?
luminal membranes are thick with a high lipid content, desmosomes and tight junctions on lateral boarders of cells
how do umbrella cells allow stretch of urothelium?
pleated quality so that they can quickly lengthen
how is muscle arranged in the bladder?
circular, longitudinal and oblique to allow contraction in all directions
how can the oesophagus be identified histologically?
dense stratified squamous epithelium
submucosal glands
how can the stomach be identified histologically?
gastric pits mucous secreting cells mucosa full of gastric glands parietal cells (pink with clear nucleus) oblique muscle
how can the duodenum be identified histologically?
long villi, crypts, Brunner’s (submucosal) glands, myenteric plexus between circular and longitudinal muscularis mucosae
how can the jejunum be identified histologically?
intermediate sized villi, crypts and circular/spiral folds
how can the ileum be identified histologically?
small and fat villi, crypts, Peyer’s patches (lymphoid tissue)
how can the large intestine be identified histologically?
crypts filled with mucous secreting goblet cells
what do stains act according to?
acidic or basic nature of the cell components at the pH being used
what sort of structures may be shown by basophillic dyes?
DNA and RNA
what sort of structures may be shown by acidophilic dye?
RBC and proteins
what colour will basophilic dyes stain?
blue
what colour will acidophilic dyes stain?
red
what are 2 of the most commonly used stains?
haematoxillin and eosin
trichromones
what is haematoxillin and eosin stain used for?
nuclear stain and acidic dye
what is trichromones stain used for?
differentiation between muscle and connective tissue
