Histology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 sections of the blood supply to the kidney?

A

renal artery - interlobar arteries - arcuate artery - interlobular arteries

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2
Q

in what part of the kidney is the interlobular artery only present?

A

renal cortex

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3
Q

which arteries supply the glomerulus?

A

interlobular arteries

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4
Q

what makes up renal corpuscles?

A

glomerular capillaries and Bowman’s space

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5
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the kidney

A

interlobular vein - arcuate vein - interlobar vein - renal vein

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6
Q

why do proximal tubules take up more stain than distal tubules?

A

high numbers of mitochondria present due to their high level of active transport

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7
Q

why is the lumen of the proximal tubule more difficult to see?

A

brush boarder of micro villi

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8
Q

how can vasa recta capillaries be easily identified in section?

A

presence of erythrocytes rather than fluid

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9
Q

where are medullary rays located?

A

centre of a lobule in cortex not medulla

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10
Q

what are medullary rays formed of?

A

rays of medullary tissue formed of parts of loops of Henle and collecting ducts associated with cortical nephrons

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11
Q

what smooth muscle layers are seen in the ureter?

A

longitudinal and circular

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12
Q

what are the 3 layers of urothelium?

A

basal layer, intermediate layers, surface cells

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13
Q

what is the function of surface urothelial cells?

A

form a watertight barrier and unable stretch

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14
Q

how do umbrella cells of urothelium form a watertight barrier?

A

luminal membranes are thick with a high lipid content, desmosomes and tight junctions on lateral boarders of cells

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15
Q

how do umbrella cells allow stretch of urothelium?

A

pleated quality so that they can quickly lengthen

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16
Q

how is muscle arranged in the bladder?

A

circular, longitudinal and oblique to allow contraction in all directions

17
Q

how can the oesophagus be identified histologically?

A

dense stratified squamous epithelium

submucosal glands

18
Q

how can the stomach be identified histologically?

A
gastric pits
mucous secreting cells
mucosa full of gastric glands
parietal cells (pink with clear nucleus)
oblique muscle
19
Q

how can the duodenum be identified histologically?

A

long villi, crypts, Brunner’s (submucosal) glands, myenteric plexus between circular and longitudinal muscularis mucosae

20
Q

how can the jejunum be identified histologically?

A

intermediate sized villi, crypts and circular/spiral folds

21
Q

how can the ileum be identified histologically?

A

small and fat villi, crypts, Peyer’s patches (lymphoid tissue)

22
Q

how can the large intestine be identified histologically?

A

crypts filled with mucous secreting goblet cells

23
Q

what do stains act according to?

A

acidic or basic nature of the cell components at the pH being used

24
Q

what sort of structures may be shown by basophillic dyes?

A

DNA and RNA

25
Q

what sort of structures may be shown by acidophilic dye?

A

RBC and proteins

26
Q

what colour will basophilic dyes stain?

A

blue

27
Q

what colour will acidophilic dyes stain?

A

red

28
Q

what are 2 of the most commonly used stains?

A

haematoxillin and eosin

trichromones

29
Q

what is haematoxillin and eosin stain used for?

A

nuclear stain and acidic dye

30
Q

what is trichromones stain used for?

A

differentiation between muscle and connective tissue