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Y3 Repro > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

2 components of the structure of the ovary

A

medulla

cortex

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2
Q

medulla of ovary contents

A

loose connective tissues
arteries
veins
lymphatics

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3
Q

cortex of ovary contents

A

scattered ovarian follicles

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4
Q

outer shell of the cortex of ovary

A

tunica albuginea

germinal epithelium

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5
Q

tunica albuginea

A

dense connective tissue

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6
Q

germinal epithelium

A

single layer of cuboidal cells

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7
Q

blood supply ovary

A

group of helicine arteries enter the hilum through the broad ligament

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8
Q

what happens around week 6 when germ cells from the yolk sac invade the ovaries?

A

they proliferate by mitosis to form oogonia

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9
Q

how do oogonia -> oocytes

A

meiosis

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10
Q

oogenesis

A

development of oocytes from oogonia

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11
Q

folliculogenesis

A

growth of the follicle

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12
Q

what does the follicle consist of

A

oocyte and any assoc support cells

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13
Q

progression in form of follicles from 6 week embryo to puberty

A

germ cells
oogonia
primary oocytes
all types of follicles

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14
Q

atresia

A

loss of oogonia and oocytes by apoptosis

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15
Q

progression of type of follicle

A 
primordial follicle 
primary follicle 
late primary follicle 
secondary follicle 
mature Graafian follicle
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16
Q

what happens if the oocyte fails to associate with follicle cells

A

it will die

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17
Q

pregranulosa cells

A

follicle cells

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18
Q

the pregranulosa cells are initially _ but if the follicle enters the growth phase they will become _

A

squamous

cuboidal

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19
Q

what type of cells are in the primary follicle

A

cuboidal granuloma cells - zone granuloma

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20
Q

what type of cells associate with the outside of the primary follicle

A

stromal cells - theca folliculi

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21
Q

zona pellucida

A

layer of special extracellular matrix that forms when the oocyte enlarges

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22
Q

what proliferates in late primary follicle

A

granulosa cell layer

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23
Q

what forms the theca interna in the late primary follicle

A

stromal cells

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24
Q

role of the theca interna

A

secrete oestrogen precursors which will be converted to oestrogen by the granulosa cells

25
Q

theca layer

A

fibroblast like outside layer of late primary follicle

26
Q

what forms to create the secondary follicle

A

space filled with follicular fluid called the antrum

27
Q

graafian follicles

A

largest astral follicles

28
Q

meiosis in the mature Graafian follicle

A

produces one secondary cell called a secondary oocyte and one tiny polar body that carries the second nucleus away to degenerate

29
Q

what happens in the secondary oocyte

A

2nd phase of meiosis but stops at metaphase II

30
Q

when will the secondary oocyte complete meiosis

A

after it has been released and fertilised by sperm

31
Q

After ovulation, the follicle transforms into a _ with the theca and granulosa cells secreting oestrogens and progesterone, which helps prepare the uterus for implantation

A

corpus luteum

32
Q

Assuming no implantation occurs, it will become a white coloured connective tissue called the _

A

corpus albicans

33
Q

what happens if implantation occurs

A

placenta secretes HCG

34
Q

where does the infundibulum move to

A

so that its opening is adjacent to the site where the follicle ruptures

35
Q

how does the ovum move down the uterine tube

A

propelled by gentle peristalsis and currents created by the ciliated epithelium

36
Q

where does fertilisation usually occur

A

ampulla

37
Q

where does the fertilised ovum travel for implantation

A

uterus

38
Q

histology of ampulla

A

the mucosa is highly folded and lined by simple columnar epithelium with ciliated cells and secretory cells and this is surrounded by smooth muscle

39
Q

3 layers of uterine wall

A

endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium

40
Q

endometrium

A

tubular secretory glands embedded in a connective tissue stroma

41
Q

myometrium

A

3 layers of smooth muscle combined with collagen and elastic tissue

42
Q

perimetrium

A

outer visceral covering of loose connective tissue

43
Q

2 layers of endometrium

A

stratum functionalism

stratum basalts

44
Q

proliferative phase

A

stratum basalis proliferates and glands, stroma and vasculature grow and this increases the thickness of the endometrium by reconstituting the stratum functionalis

45
Q

what causes the proliferative phase

A

oestrogen

46
Q

secretory phase

A

glands become coiled with a corkscrew appearance and secrete glycogen

47
Q

menstrual phase

A

arterioles in the stratum functionalis undergo constriction, depriving the tissue of blood and causing ischemia, with resultant tissue breakdown, leakage of blood and tissue sloughing

48
Q

cervix

A

connective tissue covered by stratified squamous epithelium on its vaginal surface, but transitioning to mucous secreting simple columnar epithelium

49
Q

common site of dysplasia

A

transition zone

50
Q

mucous secreting canal in cervix

A

endocervical glands

51
Q

mucous produced by cervix

A

thin and watery in the proliferative phase (allowing the passage of sperm) to thick and viscous following ovulation (preventing the passage of sperm, or microorganisms)

52
Q

what forms if glands block

A

nabothian cyst

53
Q

4 layers of vagina

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Lamina propria
fibromuscular layer
adventitia

54
Q

there are _ glands in the vagina

A

no

55
Q

mons pubis

A

skin containing highly oblique hair follicles over a fat pad over the pubic symphysis

56
Q

labia majora

A

rich in apocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and small bundles

57
Q

labia minora

A

vasculature and sebaceous glands

keratinised epithelium

58
Q

clitoris

A

Contains two tubes of erectile vascular tissue (corpora cavernosa), covered by a fibrocollagenous sheath covered by skin with rich innervation and a thin epidermis

Y3 Repro (1 decks)

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