Histology Flashcards
what is an organized community of cells with varying extracellular substances?
tissues
what are the 4 classes of tissues in the human body?
nervous, muscle, epithelial, and connective tissue
function and location of nervous tissue?
function: internal communication
location: brain, spinal cord, nerves
function and location of muscle tissue?
function: contracts to cause movement
location: bones (skeletal), heart (cardiac), and walls of hollow organs (smooth)
function and location of epithelial tissue?
function: form boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs
location: line digestive tract organs/hollow organs and skin surface
function and location of connective tissue?
function: supports, protects, binds other tissues together
location: bones, tendons, and fats/soft padding tissue
connective tissue provides ______, ______, ______,
physical form, consistency, and cushioning
what are the 2 types of connective tissue?
loose and dense
what are the 2 supporting connective tissue?
cartilage and bone
what are the 3 types of cartilage?
hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage
fluid connective tissue
blood and lymph
connective tissue proper is comprised of what?
various cells (sparse) ground substance (watery gel) fibers (made of structural proteins)
fibroblasts
secrete fibers (collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers) into extracellular matrix
extracellular matrix is made up of what?
ground substance and fibers
dense connective tissue has more ______ and less ______.
more fibers and less ground substance
loose connective tissue has more _______ and less _______.
more ground substance and less fibers
what are examples of loose connective tissue?
areolar, reticular, elastic, and adipose
what are examples of dense (regular) connective tissue?
tendons
what are examples of dense (irregular) connective tissue?
dermis
dense regular connective tissue
densely packed
parallel bundles of collagen fibers-
provide tensile strength
dense irregular connective tissue
irregular bundles of densely packed collagen fibers
strong in all directions
properties of cartilage?
firm, resilient, shock-absorber, and reduces friction between bones
chondroblasts
secrete matrix with collagen and elastic fibers
chondrocytes
mature cells located in cavities called lacunae
hyaline locations:
embryonic skeleton
long bones in joints cavities
costal cartilages of ribs
cartilage of nose, trachea, and larynx
osteoblasts
secrete organic matrix (osteoid)
osteocytes
osteocytes trapped in lacunae (mature)
lamellae
ring-like structures in compact bone
osteon
each unit of rings
haversian canal
runs through the center of each osteon
spongy bone
inner portion
gives structural support without weight of compact bone
no osteons
comprised of trabecullae
compact bone
outer portion
support, protection, calcium storage
erythrocytes
leukocytes
platelets
plasma
erythrocytes- red blood cells
leukocytes- white blood cells
platelets- clot formation
plasma- fluid
muscle cells are called ______.
fibers
what are the 3 types muscle tissue?
- skeletal
- smooth
- cardiac
skeletal muscle tissue
striated
voluntary (attached to bone)
long-rod shaped
smooth muscle tissue
non-striated
involuntary (line walls of hollow tracts/organs)
small-spindle shaped cells
cardiac muscle tissue
striated
involuntary (heart)
gap junctions in intercalated disks
long branching cells
epithelial tissue (shapes of cells)
squamous, cuboidal, and columnar
epithelial tissue (number of cell layers)
stratisfied (many layers)
pseudostratisfied (looks like many layers but only 1)
simple (single layer)
simple squamous epithelium
location and function
location: air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood/lymphatic vessels
function: diffusion, filtration, secretion
simple cuboidal epithelium
location and function
location: ducts/secretory portions of small glands and kidney tubules
function: secrete/absorb
simple columnar epithelium
location and function
location: ciliated tissues in bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus; non-ciliated tissues in digestive tract and bladder
pseudostratisfied columnar epithelium
location and function
location: ciliated tissue line trachea and upper respiratory tract
function: secrete and move mucus
stratisfied squamous epithelium
location and function
location: line esophagus, mouth, and vagina
function: protect
transitional epithelium (location and function)
location: bladder, urethra, ureter
function: allow to expand/contract
what cells look like fried eggs?
squamous epithelial
what are the parts of a neuron?
soma (cell body)
dendrites (extensions where information is received)
axons (where info is transmitted towards synapse)
