Histology

Question 1

what is an organized community of cells with varying extracellular substances?

Answer 1

tissues

Question 2

what are the 4 classes of tissues in the human body?

Answer 2

nervous, muscle, epithelial, and connective tissue

Question 3

function and location of nervous tissue?

Answer 3

function: internal communication
location: brain, spinal cord, nerves

Question 4

function and location of muscle tissue?

Answer 4

function: contracts to cause movement
location: bones (skeletal), heart (cardiac), and walls of hollow organs (smooth)

Question 5

function and location of epithelial tissue?

Answer 5

function: form boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs
location: line digestive tract organs/hollow organs and skin surface

Question 6

function and location of connective tissue?

Answer 6

function: supports, protects, binds other tissues together
location: bones, tendons, and fats/soft padding tissue

Question 7

connective tissue provides ______, ______, ______,

Answer 7

physical form, consistency, and cushioning

Question 8

what are the 2 types of connective tissue?

Answer 8

loose and dense

Question 9

what are the 2 supporting connective tissue?

Answer 9

cartilage and bone

Question 10

what are the 3 types of cartilage?

Answer 10

hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

Question 11

fluid connective tissue

Answer 11

blood and lymph

Question 12

connective tissue proper is comprised of what?

Answer 12

various cells (sparse)
ground substance (watery gel)
fibers (made of structural proteins)

Question 13

fibroblasts

Answer 13

secrete fibers (collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers) into extracellular matrix

Question 14

extracellular matrix is made up of what?

Answer 14

ground substance and fibers

Question 15

dense connective tissue has more ______ and less ______.

Answer 15

more fibers and less ground substance

Question 16

loose connective tissue has more _______ and less _______.

Answer 16

more ground substance and less fibers

Question 17

what are examples of loose connective tissue?

Answer 17

areolar, reticular, elastic, and adipose

Question 18

what are examples of dense (regular) connective tissue?

Answer 18

tendons

Question 19

what are examples of dense (irregular) connective tissue?

Answer 19

dermis

Question 20

dense regular connective tissue

Answer 20

densely packed
parallel bundles of collagen fibers-
provide tensile strength

Question 21

dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 21

irregular bundles of densely packed collagen fibers

strong in all directions

Question 22

properties of cartilage?

Answer 22

firm, resilient, shock-absorber, and reduces friction between bones

Question 23

chondroblasts

Answer 23

secrete matrix with collagen and elastic fibers

Question 24

chondrocytes

Answer 24

mature cells located in cavities called lacunae

Question 25

hyaline locations:

Answer 25

embryonic skeleton
long bones in joints cavities
costal cartilages of ribs
cartilage of nose, trachea, and larynx

Question 26

osteoblasts

Answer 26

secrete organic matrix (osteoid)

Question 27

osteocytes

Answer 27

osteocytes trapped in lacunae (mature)

Question 28

lamellae

Answer 28

ring-like structures in compact bone

Question 29

osteon

Answer 29

each unit of rings

Question 30

haversian canal

Answer 30

runs through the center of each osteon

Question 31

spongy bone

Answer 31

inner portion
gives structural support without weight of compact bone
no osteons
comprised of trabecullae

Question 32

compact bone

Answer 32

outer portion

support, protection, calcium storage

Question 33

erythrocytes
leukocytes
platelets
plasma

Answer 33

erythrocytes- red blood cells
leukocytes- white blood cells
platelets- clot formation
plasma- fluid

Question 34

muscle cells are called ______.

Answer 34

fibers

Question 35

what are the 3 types muscle tissue?

Answer 35

1. skeletal
2. smooth
3. cardiac

Question 36

skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 36

striated
voluntary (attached to bone)
long-rod shaped

Question 37

smooth muscle tissue

Answer 37

non-striated
involuntary (line walls of hollow tracts/organs)
small-spindle shaped cells

Question 38

cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 38

striated
involuntary (heart)
gap junctions in intercalated disks
long branching cells

Question 39

epithelial tissue (shapes of cells)

Answer 39

squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

Question 40

epithelial tissue (number of cell layers)

Answer 40

stratisfied (many layers)
pseudostratisfied (looks like many layers but only 1)
simple (single layer)

Question 41

simple squamous epithelium

location and function

Answer 41

location: air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood/lymphatic vessels
function: diffusion, filtration, secretion

Question 42

simple cuboidal epithelium

location and function

Answer 42

location: ducts/secretory portions of small glands and kidney tubules
function: secrete/absorb

Question 43

simple columnar epithelium

location and function

Answer 43

location: ciliated tissues in bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus; non-ciliated tissues in digestive tract and bladder

Question 44

pseudostratisfied columnar epithelium

location and function

Answer 44

location: ciliated tissue line trachea and upper respiratory tract
function: secrete and move mucus

Question 45

stratisfied squamous epithelium

location and function

Answer 45

location: line esophagus, mouth, and vagina
function: protect

Question 46

transitional epithelium
(location and function)

Answer 46

location: bladder, urethra, ureter
function: allow to expand/contract

Question 47

what cells look like fried eggs?

Answer 47

squamous epithelial

Question 48

what are the parts of a neuron?

Answer 48

soma (cell body)
dendrites (extensions where information is received)
axons (where info is transmitted towards synapse)