Histology Flashcards
What is the function of the nasal cavity?
Warming
Moistening
Filtering
What is the specialised epithelium of the nasal cavity?
Where in the nasal cavity is this specialised epithelium?
Olfactory epithelium
The roof
Describe the epithelium of the proximal nasal cavity
Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
Describe the first transition in the epithelium of the nasal cavity
Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium to non-keratinised stratified squamous epiuthelium
Describe respiratory epithelium.
Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells
Lamina propria/submucosa running deep
What are the stem cells of the respiratory epithelium called?
Basal cells
The oropharynx is what type of epithelium?
Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
The nasopharynx is what type of epithelium?
Respiratory epithelium
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
The laryngopharynx is what type of epithelium?
Stratified squamous epithelium
The larynx is what type of epithelium?
Respiratory epithelium
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Describe what is deep to the respiratory epithelium
The lamina propria
A band of loose connective tissue containing seromucous glands and thin-walled venous sinuses
In rhinitis which layer becomes inflamed
The lamina propria
A band of loose connective tissue containing seromucous glands and thin-walled venous sinuses
What epithelium covers the vocal folds?
Stratified squamous epithelium
How many cartilage rings are in the trachea?
15-20
What types of tissue span the open side of the āCā cartilage?
Fibroelastic tissue and smooth muscle (trachealis muscle)
What epithelium lines the trachea?
Respiratory epithelium
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
What are the layers of the trachea?
Respiratory epithelium
Basal lamina
Lamina propria
Submucosa
Describe the lamina propria of the trachea
Connective tissue with abundant elastic fibres
Describe the submucosa of the trachea
Connective tissue with numerous seromucous glands
What happens to the hyaline cartilage of the trachea when it splits to the bronchi
The regular C-shaped cups form to irregular plates
What are the layers of the bronchi?
Respiratory epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis consisting of a ring of smooth muscle
Submucosa with adipose tissue and some seromucous glands
When do bronchi become bronchioles?
When they lose the hyaline cartilage
This is when airway diameter is ~ 1mm
True or false?
Bronchioles contain glands by no cartilage
False
They contain neither glands or cartilage
(May have some goblet cells)
What type of epithelial transition occurs in the bronchioles?
The columnar cells decrease in height to become cuboidal cells
The lamina propria here is composed of smooth muscle, elastic and collagenous fibres
Describe histologically the terminal bronchioles.
Cuboidal ciliated epithelium, contain non-ciliated club cells
What are the functions of club cells?
Stem cells
Detoxification
Immune modulation
Surfactant production
What interrupts the respiratory bronchioles?
Describe this structure
Alveoli
Squamous type I alveolar cells
What type of pneumocyte consists most of the alveolar surface?
Type I cells
~ 90% of the alveolar surface
What is the function of the type II pneumocytes?
To produce and secrete surfactant
Describe the histology of the visceral pleura
Multi-layered
The outer layer of simple epithelium called mesothelium backed by layers of fibrous and elastic connective tissue
This faces the parietal pleura which is generally similar but simpler
