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Y1 Respiratory > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

A

Warming
Moistening
Filtering

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2
Q

What is the specialised epithelium of the nasal cavity?

Where in the nasal cavity is this specialised epithelium?

A

Olfactory epithelium

The roof

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3
Q

Describe the epithelium of the proximal nasal cavity

A

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

Describe the first transition in the epithelium of the nasal cavity

A

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium to non-keratinised stratified squamous epiuthelium

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5
Q

Describe respiratory epithelium.

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells
Lamina propria/submucosa running deep

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6
Q

What are the stem cells of the respiratory epithelium called?

A

Basal cells

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7
Q

The oropharynx is what type of epithelium?

A

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

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8
Q

The nasopharynx is what type of epithelium?

A

Respiratory epithelium

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

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9
Q

The laryngopharynx is what type of epithelium?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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10
Q

The larynx is what type of epithelium?

A

Respiratory epithelium

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

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11
Q

Describe what is deep to the respiratory epithelium

A

The lamina propria

A band of loose connective tissue containing seromucous glands and thin-walled venous sinuses

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12
Q

In rhinitis which layer becomes inflamed

A

The lamina propria

A band of loose connective tissue containing seromucous glands and thin-walled venous sinuses

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13
Q

What epithelium covers the vocal folds?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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14
Q

How many cartilage rings are in the trachea?

A

15-20

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15
Q

What types of tissue span the open side of the ā€œCā€ cartilage?

A

Fibroelastic tissue and smooth muscle (trachealis muscle)

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16
Q

What epithelium lines the trachea?

A

Respiratory epithelium

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

17
Q

What are the layers of the trachea?

A

Respiratory epithelium
Basal lamina
Lamina propria
Submucosa

18
Q

Describe the lamina propria of the trachea

A

Connective tissue with abundant elastic fibres

19
Q

Describe the submucosa of the trachea

A

Connective tissue with numerous seromucous glands

20
Q

What happens to the hyaline cartilage of the trachea when it splits to the bronchi

A

The regular C-shaped cups form to irregular plates

21
Q

What are the layers of the bronchi?

A

Respiratory epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis consisting of a ring of smooth muscle
Submucosa with adipose tissue and some seromucous glands

22
Q

When do bronchi become bronchioles?

A

When they lose the hyaline cartilage

This is when airway diameter is ~ 1mm

23
Q

True or false?

Bronchioles contain glands by no cartilage

A

False
They contain neither glands or cartilage
(May have some goblet cells)

24
Q

What type of epithelial transition occurs in the bronchioles?

A

The columnar cells decrease in height to become cuboidal cells
The lamina propria here is composed of smooth muscle, elastic and collagenous fibres

25
Q

Describe histologically the terminal bronchioles.

A

Cuboidal ciliated epithelium, contain non-ciliated club cells

26
Q

What are the functions of club cells?

A

Stem cells
Detoxification
Immune modulation
Surfactant production

27
Q

What interrupts the respiratory bronchioles?

Describe this structure

A

Alveoli

Squamous type I alveolar cells

28
Q

What type of pneumocyte consists most of the alveolar surface?

A

Type I cells

~ 90% of the alveolar surface

29
Q

What is the function of the type II pneumocytes?

A

To produce and secrete surfactant

30
Q

Describe the histology of the visceral pleura

A

Multi-layered
The outer layer of simple epithelium called mesothelium backed by layers of fibrous and elastic connective tissue
This faces the parietal pleura which is generally similar but simpler

Y1 Respiratory (5 decks)

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