Histology

Question 1

Purpose of the nasal cavity

Answer 1

1. Warming
2. Moistening
3. Filtering
   the inspired air

Question 2

What makes up the respiratory epithelium?

Answer 2

1. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium ciliated with goblet cells
2. Goblet cells
3. Basal cell
4. Cilia
5. Lamina proprioa/Submucosa

Question 3

What is the oropharynx lined with?

Answer 3

non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 4

What lines the muscles in the larynx?

Answer 4

Respiratory epithelium, expect the vocal folds which are covered with stratified squamous epithelium

Question 5

What lines the Trachea?

Answer 5

Respiratory epithelium (backed by a) basal lamina, a lamina propria of connective tissue and a submucosa of connective tissue

Question 6

What makes up the Bronchioles?

Answer 6

Less than 1mm in diameter and lack cartilage and glands but may contain a few goblet cells in their initial portion.
The lamina propria is composed of smooth muscle and elastic collagenous fibres

Question 7

What are terminal bronchioles?

Answer 7

The smallest bronchioles that lack respiratory function.

They branch out to give rise to the respiratory bronchioles.

Question 8

What are terminal bronchioles lined with?

Answer 8

Cuboidal ciliated epithelium and contain non-ciliated club cells

Question 9

What are the roles of club cells?

Answer 9

Stem cells
Detoxification
Immune modulation
Surfactant production

Question 10

What is the Alveoli?

Answer 10

The terminal portions of the bronchial tree and are responsible for the spongy nature of the lungs

Question 11

What are alveoli lined with?

Answer 11

An epithelium that consits of 2 cell types: Type 1 alveolar cells and Type 2 alveolar cells.
*Alveolar cells are also called pneumocytes

Question 12

Type 1 alveolar cells

Answer 12

Simple squamous epithelium that lines the alveolar surfaces covering over 90% of the alveolar surface.
These cells provide a barrier of minimal thickness that is permeable to gases.

Question 13

Type 2 alveolar cells

Answer 13

polygonal in shape, the free surface is covered by microvilli and the cytoplasm displays dense membrane bound lamellar bodies which contain surfactant.

Question 14

Alveolar macrophages (dust cells)

Answer 14

Free cells either in the septa or migrating over the luminal surfaces of the alveoli.
They play a part in reducing alveolar surface tension.

Question 15

What is the visceral pleura?

Answer 15

the delicate serous membrane that covers the surface of each lung and dips into the fissures between the lobes.

Question 16

What is the visceral pleura made up off?

Answer 16

Outer layer of simple squamous epithelium backed by layers of fibrous and elastic connective tissue