Histology Flashcards by Jordan Greenfield

1st Slide: There are histo PICTURE slides in the Drive. Use them because this doesn’t have any.

Seriously study pictures.

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What structures are part of the conducting portion of lung?

Function of conducting portion?

(Nasal Cavity, paranasal sinus, nasopharynx) Primary, secondary, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchiole.
Collects and warms air.

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What structures are part of the respiratory portion of lung?
Function of respiratory portion?

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs.

Gas exchange.

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What epithelium is considered, “Respiratory epithelium”.
What structures is this located on?
What cells are located in these structures?

Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated Epithelium
Bronchi down to terminal bronchioles.
Goblet cells

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What do Goblet cells do? what do they look like histologically? where are they found?

They secrete mucus.
Looks like a big goblet with mucigen granules.
Found in respiratory epithelium. (PCCE)

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What connective & Epithelial tissue is in the Visceral Pleura?

Simple Squamous epithelium (mesothelium?)
Collagen & Elastin
Extensive lympatics.

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Which structures contain Clara Cells?

Terminal Bronchiole

Tertiary bronchi

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Which structures contain elastic fibers?

All, but there is much less in the respiratory portion

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Which structures contain smooth muscle?

Conducting portion

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Which structures contain Hyaline Cartliage

Only Bronchi 1-3, but even in the 3rd there is very little

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Which structures contain Ciliated cells

Conducting portion

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Which structures contain Goblet cells?

Conducting portion - Terminal bronchiole

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The smooth muscle in the conducting system is also known as what?

Trachealis muscle

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Which structures have pneumocytes?

Alveoli. I think exclusively?

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What structures have surfactant?

Alveoli from pneumocyte II

Clara cells in Terminal Bronchiole & Tertiary bronchi produce a similar substance!!!

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What structures are inside alveoli?

Pneumocytes
Alveolar Septum - Wall of alveolar capillaries (lots of collagen and elastin)
Alveolar pores - small openings permitting air between alveoli
Be able to identify these dues.

Lamellar bodies or something

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What does Smooth muscle fibers look like? How do they contract?

No striations. Autonomic.

Contract as one unit

What does Cardiac muscle fibers look like? How do they contract?

Intercalated disc, Purkinje cells
Have intercalated discs that allow passage of electrical current. so contracts together
Purkinje fibers are the pacemaker of the heart

What are the membranes of the heart? (3)

Where do they come from embryologically?

Fibrous pericardium - Outer covering. (Comes from pleuropericardio membranes from the somatic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm)
Parietal layer of serous membrane - Inner surface of the fibrous pericardium (From splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm)
Pericardial cavity
Visceral layer of serous pericardium - Covers outer surface of heart. = epicardium. (Comes from splanchnic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm)

What’s in the epicardium? (visceral pericardium)

Simple Squamous Epithelium
Alveolar Connective tissue and fat
Elastin
Coronary arteries embedded in adipose

What’s in the myocardium?

Cardiomyocytes  (contractile)
Nodal Cardiomyocytes (SA &amp; AV) 
Myoendocrine cardiomyocytes

What’s in the endocardium?

Areolar Connective Tissue
Endothelium
Ventricle endocardium has subendocardial layer w/ thin layer of CT w/ smooth muscles and contains Purkinje fibers

Microscopically, what is contained in the membrane to membrane contacts?

Fascia adherens: actin filaments
Desmosomes: anchorage for the intermediate filaments of cytoskeleton
Gap junctions

What is a diad made up of?

1 T-tubule

1 SR cisterna

What are lipofuscin granules? What do they look like?

dark brown bodies that accumulate with age next to nuclei in cardiomyocytes.

What are myoendocrine cells? | What molecule does it contain and what is the function of that molecule

Atrial cardiomyocytes. Contain ANF (atrial natriuretic factor). ANF --> kidneys decrease Na+ & H2O

How does nodal cardiomyocytes work?

Sinoatrial node --> AV node --> AV bundle --> R/L Bundle branches --> Purkinje fibers

What is the cardiac skeleton and what's its function?

Dense irregular CT in endocardium. Anchors valves, surrounds AV canals

What are the 3 tunics of blood vessel?

Tunica Adventitia Tunica Media Tunica Intima

What is contained in the Tunica Adventitia? | What is the difference between TA in artery vs vein?

Fibroblasts, elastin, collagen, vaso vasorum ***(own blood supply), anchors blood to organ Artery: Huge Tunica Media that's full of fibers Vein: less fibrous

What's in the tunica media?

Smooth muscle, elastic & Reticular fibers, Sensory fibers

What's in the tunica intima?

``` Endothelium, subendothelium (loose CT) Basal lamina (Type IV collagen) Internal elastic lamina *** ```

Name common elastic arteries? | What is special about them.

``` Aorta Brachiocephalic trunk common carotid subclavian pulmonary arterial. Largest. elastic in all 3 tunics ```

Name common muscular arteries? | What is special about them.

JK. there are tons of them. the ones you name. Thick tunica media. Possess elastic fibers

Why are arterioles important?

This is the part that vasoconstricts and vasodilates. Feeds into capillaries

What special cells do capillaries have? Function of these cells?

Pericytes. | Act as shunts in the capillaries

What are the 3 types of capillaries? Name where they are found?

Continuous: Blood brain barrier, thymus (between T cells) Fenestrated: Kidney Sinusoidal: liver, spleen, things with lots of stuff between

Why are veins considered blood reservoirs?

because they hold 60% of the body's blood.

Veins have something arteries don't. This is?

Valves. They prevent backflow of blood.

How do you tell the difference from Medium and Large veins?

Medium are folded sorta. | Large veins have muscular media layer

Ugh lymph. How much of this is collected a day? | What is the general organization of lymph

3 L. | Lymphatic capillaries --> Lymph vessels --> Lymph trunks --> R Lymphatic duct --> Thoracic duct --> Brachiocephlic vein