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A&P Test 2 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues

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2
Q

Tight junction

A

Use interlocking membrane proteins

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3
Q

Gap junction

A

Use interlocking membrane proteins

Proteins are also channels

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4
Q

Desmosome

A

Use interlocking membrane proteins

Proteins are connected to the cells’ cytoskeleton (even if cell dies, strong connection)

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5
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers body, lines spaces inside body, forms glands.

General characteristics:

  1. Exposed (one side)
  2. Cells tightly packed together
  3. Cells exhibit polarity
  4. Attached to a basement membrane
  5. Cells form sheets/layers
  6. Highly mitotic
  7. Avascular
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6
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

RARE
protects
Lines the duct of some glands

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7
Q

Stratified columnar epithelial

A

Lines duct of some cells
Rare
Protection

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8
Q

Types of exocrine glands based on TYPE of secretion

A

Serious
Mucous
Mixed

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9
Q

Serous

A

Watery secretion

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10
Q

Mucous

A

Viscous secretion

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11
Q

Mixed

A

Combo of watery and viscous secretion

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12
Q

Connective tissue

A

Not exposed
Cells spaced apart
Space between cells filled w matrix

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13
Q

Ground substance of matrix

A
  1. H2O -> liquid
  2. Hyaluronic acid -> slimey
  3. Chondroitin surface -> rubbery
  4. Mineral salts (Ca+2) -> hard solid
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14
Q

Protein fibers found in matrix

A

Collagen- strong and flexible
Elastic- stretch and recoil
Reticular- framework for support

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15
Q

-blast

A

Immature cell that is making part of the matrix

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16
Q

-cyte

A

Mature cell that is maintaining matrix

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17
Q

C.T vascular or non vascular?

A

Highly vascular, except cartilage

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18
Q

Embryonic/ fetal C.T

A
  1. Mesenchyme=stem cells= undifferentiated cells

2. Wartons jelly- in umbilical cord

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19
Q

Adult C.T

A
  1. Connective tissue proper
  2. Cartilage
  3. Osseous= bone
  4. Blood
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20
Q

Areolar C.T

A

Location: under all epithelial layers around organs
Functions: protection, reduce friction

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21
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Makes protein fibers

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22
Q

Macrophages

A

Phagocyte- eats bones

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23
Q

Adipose C.T

A

Cells: adipocite- stone triglycerides
Protein fibers- reticular- woven together
Locations: around heart, kidneys, spinal cord, behind eyeballs
Functions: protection, insulation.

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24
Q

Subcutaneous bilayer

A

Under skin

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25
Q

Inside bones

A

Yellow bone marrow

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26
Q

Reticular C.T

A

Locations: basement membrane, liver, spleen
Functions: provides support and framework

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27
Q

Dense connective tissue proper

A

Fibers> cells

Fibers packed together

28
Q

Dense regular C.T

A

Cells: fibroblasts
Protein fibers: high in collagen- runs parallel- only strong in the direction fibers are running
Location; ligaments+ tendons
Function: high strength in one direction

29
Q

Dense irregular C.T

A

Protein fibers run in all directions
Locations: dermis, dura mater, heart valves
Functions: high tensile, strength in all directions

30
Q

Elastic C.T

A

Cells: fibroblasts
High in elastic protein fibers
Location: lungs, blood vessels, bladder function: stretch and recoil

31
Q

Peridondrium

A

Layers of dense irregular C.T

32
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

High collagen fibers
Ends of long bones, nose
Functions: bone development and growth, support, reduce friction

33
Q

Fibro cartilage

A

Collagen fibers visible
Locations: intervertebral discs, pubis
Functions: act as a shock absorber, flexibility

34
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Locations: epiglottis, ear
Functions: maintain structure while allowing some flexibility

35
Q

Membrane

A

Basic organ

Epithelial+connective=areolar CT

36
Q

Serous membrane

A

Layers: a. Lines inside of central body cavity= parietal

B. Covers organs in central body cavity=visceral

37
Q

Mucous membrane

A

Lines spaces that open exterior
Functions: protection, prevents drying,
Reduces friction

38
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Lines synovial joint cavities(shoulder, hip, wrist)
SSET
Function: reduces friction

39
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

Covers outside of body
Stratified squamous epithelial tissue
Protection

40
Q

Melanocytes

A

8% makes a protein- melanin

Protects against UV radiation

41
Q

Langerhans cells

A

Motile

Phagocytes

42
Q

Merkel cells

A

Involved w touch sensation, sir right above nerve ending in dermis

43
Q

Stratum basale

A

1st layer of cells that touch the basement membrane

Cells; Merkle, melanocytes, keratinocytes

44
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Next 8-10 layers of cells

Cells: Keratinocytes- Making keratin, forming desmosomes, changing shape

45
Q

Stratum granulseum

A

Next 3-5 layers of cells

Cells: keratinocytes that are dying

46
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

Only in thick skin

Next 3-5 layers of dead keratinocytes

47
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Top 10+ layers of dead keratinocytes (dust)

48
Q

Dermis

A

Papillary- top 1/5 of dermis
Areolar CT
COntains dermal papilla

49
Q

Reticular region

A

Bottom 4/5 of dermis

Dense irregular CT

50
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Found in RBCS
Red high in O2
Maroon high in CO2

51
Q

Carotene

A

Precursor to vitamin A, stored in dermis

52
Q

Arectialr pilli muscle

A

Goosebumps

Associates w each follicle

53
Q

Sabaceous glands

A

Associated w hair follicles

Secrets sebum

54
Q

Sebum

A

Prevents drying of hair+ epidermis

Amir bacterial

55
Q

Ceruminous

A

In ear canal

Secrete cerumen

56
Q

Cerumen

A

Prevents drying

Traps dirt

57
Q

Sudoiferous gland

A

Secrets sweat

  1. Merocrine
  2. Apocrine
58
Q

Merocrine

A

All over body, active from birth

59
Q

Apocrine

A

In arm pit and pubic areas

Becomes active at puberty

60
Q

Mammary

A

Modified sweat glands

61
Q

Skin cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

Melanoma

62
Q

Inflammatory

A

Bleeding
Immune system function
Scab forms

63
Q

Migratory

A

Keratinocyte and fibroblasts migrate under skin

64
Q

Proliferatory

A

Keratinocytes plus fibroblasts

High in number due to mitosis

65
Q

Maturation

A

Scab falls off due , revealing a new dermis and epidermis

A&P Test 2 (1 decks)

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