Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal and Urology > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe an average kidney

A

bean shaped organ
Approximately 10-12cm long
5-6cm wide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What types of fibres make up the renal capsule?

A

Collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

The nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many nephron are present per medullary pyramid?

A

50,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the average length of a nephron?

A

45-65mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How long would all of the nephron in your body be when added together end to end?

A

60km (slightly more than Dundee to Edinburgh apparently…)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the renal corpuscle?

A

A tuft of capillaries called the glomerulus and a cup of simple squamous epithelium called the bowman’s capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which is larger the afferent or efferent arteriole in the renal corpuscle?

A

The afferent - bottle necks and produces an increased pressure for filtration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What two layers separate the blood and glomerular filtrate?

A

the capillary endothelium

the podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The endothelium is fenestrated with pores approximately ______ in diameter.

A

70-90nm in diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the podocytes have interdigitating cell processes that form pores approximately ____in diameter

A

25nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the basal lamina between the podocytes and the endothelium is thicker/thinner than usual by ____x; approximately ______microns

A

The basal lamina between the podocytes and endothelium is thicker than usual by 6x; approximately 0.3microns (as opposed to 0.05microns).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Scatter cells which produce connective tissue for support and debris removal is called the ______

A

Mesangial cells (form the mesangium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How much more urinary filtrate is produced than urine?

A

120x.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What cells make up the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium with a microvilli brush border at the apical membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The cells of the proximal convoluted tubule are very busy/not very busy cells and so have many/few mitochondria

A

Very busy

Many mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Glucose and protein is filtered out of the blood and then reclaimed in the proximal tubule - true/false

A

True for glucose

not true for all proteins just small ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The glomerulus and proximal tubule lie in the medulla - true/false

A

false - they lie in the cortex.

19
Q

The loop of henlé lies in the medulla - true/false

A

true

20
Q

the loop of henlé is made up of what type(s) of cells?

A

descending - simple squamous epithelium with nuclei projecting into the lumen
Ascending - cuboidal epithelium

21
Q

the ascending limb of the loop of henlé has many/few mitochondria

A

Many

22
Q

What is the purpose of the loop of henlé?

A

It establishes a large solute gradient and allows a large osmotic pressure to be maintained in the medulla.

23
Q

Where do the vasa recta run?

A

The vasa recta run from the cortex and dive into the medulla before turning on a hairpin and exiting again.

24
Q

Why is the course of the vasa recta important?

A

If it penetrated deeper it would have water drawn out and dilute the solute potential in the medulla.

25
Q

After the loop of henlé is the ______ which is made of _____________ epithelium. How does this compare to its proximal counterpart?

A

Distal convoluted tubule made up of stratified squamous epithelium. like the proximal tubule it is highly metabolically active and has lots of mitochondria but very few microvilla.

26
Q

What cells line the collecting tubules and collecting ducts?

A

Simple columnar epithelium.

27
Q

What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

specialized tissue where the distal tubule passes adjacent to the vascular pole of its own renal corpuscle.

28
Q

Three parts of the of the juxtaglomerular apparatus are the ______, _______ & ________.

A

Macula densa
Juxtaglomerular cells
Extraglomerular mesangial cells

29
Q

What is the macula densa?

A

DCT cells are taller, crowded together and with incredibly staining nuclei on the side closest to the arteriole.

30
Q

What is the function of the macula densa

A

Unsure but believed to be sensing ionic concentrations

31
Q

What are the juxtaglomerular cells?

A

Modified smooth muscle cells in the walls of the afferent arteriole which secrete/contain renin.

32
Q

What is the extraglomerular mesangial cell?

A

A modified mesangial cell type that extends outside the corpuscle. its exact purpose is unknown.

33
Q

What epithelium lines almost all of the conducting pathway for urine?

A

Urothelium AKA transitional epithelium.

34
Q

Urothelium is stratified - true/false

A

True

35
Q

Urothelium is found in 8 layers - true/false

A

False - found in 3-6 layers

36
Q

What are umbrella cells?

A

they are domed cells that lie at the surface of the urothelium and are so called because of their shape.

37
Q

What lies below the urothelium?

A

A thickened membrane to provide a complete impermeability.

38
Q

What is distal to the membrane which lies below the urothelium?

A

Lamina propria and 2-3 layers of smooth muscle.

39
Q

Length of an average female urethra =

Length of an average male urethra =

A

3-5cm

20-21cm

40
Q

what lines the female urethra?

A

Transitional epithelium

Changes to simple stratified near its termination

41
Q

What parts are there to the male urethra? What lines each of them?

A

Prostatic - transitional epithelium
Membranous - stratified columnar epithelium
Penile - stratified columnar epithelium then changes near its termination to simple stratified.

42
Q

the prostate is formed from…?

A

Tubule-alveolar glands

43
Q

The prostate is lined by _______

A

simple columnar secretory epithelium with fibromuscular stroma.

44
Q

What percent of seminal fluid volume is made of the prostatic secretions?

A

~50%

Renal and Urology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions