Histology Flashcards
Superior hypophyseal arteries
Supply the pars tuberalis, the infundibulum, and the medium imminence; stems from the ICA
Acidophiles
Somatotropes and Mammotropes
Basophiles
Thyrotropes, Gonadotropes, and Corticotropes
Herring Bodies
Storage vesicles of neurohypophyseal hormones
Parafollicular cells
Secrete calcitonin; production is independent of pituitary control
Chief Cells
Secrete PTH to increase levels of circulating Ca2+; independent of pituitary conrol
*Parathyroid gland also has oxyphil cells w/ unknown fnxn
Embryological Origin of Adrenals
Medulla => Modified postganglionic sympathetic neurons that have lost their axons and dendrites
-Makes the medulla under direct CNS control
Cortex => Separate, mesodermal origin
Adenohypophysis parts
Pars Distalis = largest part
Pars tuberalis = surrounds the neural stalk
Pars intermedia = division b/w the neurohypophysis; least developed
Cells found in the seminiferous epithelium
Sertoli and Germ cells
Collectively called the germinal epithelium
Ductus Efferentes
Creates a current that transports sperm to the ductus epididymis; consists of uneven pseudostratified columnar epithelial cell
*Absorbs most seminal fluid via non-ciliated epithelial
Ciliated epithelial fnxn to move sperm
Ductus epididymis
Highly coiled site that fnxns to store and mature sperm; consists of pseudostratified columnar epithelia
*Stereocilia will reabsorb leftover testicular fluid that made it thru the ductus efferentes; will also decapacitate sperm
Vas deferens
Lined by ciliated, pseudostratified columnar epithelia
*Contains 3 layers of smooth muscle; middle layer is thick and circular
Prostate Gland
Tubuloacinar gland w/ pseudostratified columnar epithelia
*Prostatic urethra= transitional epithelia
Seminal Vesicle
Gland w/ primary and secondary mucosal folds that secretes viscous, fructose-rich fluid for sperm maturation
-Has inner circular smooth muscle and outer longitudinal
Bulbourethral gland
A compound tubuloacinar gland enveloped in a fibroelastic capsule w/ skeletal AND smooth muscle
*Found in the UGD; is why there is skeletal muscle
Graafian follicles
Contains a fluid antrum b/w the granulosa cells along w/ a theca interna and externa
(pre-ovulatory follicle)
Corpus albicans
CT scar that is the remnant of the regression of a corpus luteum
Blood supply to the stratum functionalis
Spiral arteries
Blood supply to the stratum basalis
Straight arteries; branch of the arcuate arteries
Uterine Epithelia
Simple columnar
Vagina epithelia
Non-keratinized, stratified squamous
Stratum functionalis during follicular phase
Coiled arteries are deep
CT is compact
Uterine glands are straight
Stratum functionalis during luteal phase
Coiled arteries expand upwards
Epithelia undergoes hypertrophy
Uterine glands are coiled w/ increased carbohydrate content
Mammary Glands
Compound tubuloalveolar glands that have an excretory lactiferous duct
- Terminal ducts branch from lactiferous ducts and develop alveoli at the ends
- Intralobular ducts receive initial milk?
Which portion of the pituitary is bright on T1 weighted images?
The posterior pituitary
- On T2, it is darker
- Anterior pituitary is always isointense
What radiological exam should be ordered for a patient presenting w/ testicular pain?
Ultrasound
*Doppler flow can exclude testicular torsion
On what sequence is fat bright?
T1
On what sequence is fluid bright?
T2
*Think H2O
Pituicytes
Cells of the neurohypophysis
Spongiocytes
Found in the zona fasciculata; contain lipid vacuoles
CHARACTERISTIC OF THIS REGION; look closely, they’re small
Most common imaging modality for reproductive
Ultrasound
Hysterosalpingogram
Tests for patency of the Fallopian tubes; contrast will appear in the ovaries
Mammography screening standard image
Crainocaudal (CC) and Mediolateral oblique (MLO)
BI-RADS CATEGORIES
BI-RAD 5 are highly indicative of malignancy
Pars intermedia
Division b/w anterior and posterior pituitary ; contains colloid-filled cysts
Corpora arenacea
“Brain sand”
Radiological landmark for the pineal gland
