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CV Week 1 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Histologically classify the fibrous skeleton of the heart

A

Dense Irregular CT

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2
Q

What is the function of the fibrous skeleton?

A

Place for valves to attach

Extends into interventricular septum

Acts as electrical insulator to prevent flow of action potential from atria to ventricles (forces conduction through AV node)

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3
Q

Impulse conduction system of the heart is made up from what type of cell?

A

Muscle cell

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4
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

A

Epi, Myo, and Endocardium

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5
Q

Histologically classify epicardium

A

(Mesothelia) - Simple Squamous Epithelium

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6
Q

Histologically classify endocardium

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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7
Q

What are 4 histological differences between skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle?

A

Cardiac muscle has 1 centrally located nucleus

Intercalated discs

Diads (not triads)

More mitochondria and other organelles

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8
Q

Histologically classify Purkinje fibers

A

Modified cardial muscle fibers

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9
Q

What are the 3 layers of vessel walls?

A

Tunica Intima

Tunica Media

Tunica Adventitia

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10
Q

What comprises the tunica intima?

A

Endothelium

Subendothelium Loose CT

fenestrated Internal Elastic Lamina (arteries and arterioles only)

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11
Q

What comprises the tunica media?

A

Circumferentially arranged smooth muscle fibers

(Arteries have interal and external elastic fiber layers)

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12
Q

What comprises the tunica adventitia?

A

Longintudinally arranged CT and elastic fibers

(Vaso vasorum and nervi vascularis in large vessels)

(smooth muscle in thick veins)

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13
Q

How can you recognize a vein by its tunica?

A

Vein will have much larger tunica adventitia

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14
Q

Describe a large elastic artery like the aorta

A

Thick tunica intima

Thick tunica media with lots of elastic fibers

Thick tunica adventitia with vasa vasorum and nervi vascularis

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15
Q

Describe a muscular artery

A

Thinner tunica intima than elastic artery

Prominent internal elastic lamina

Thick tunica media

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16
Q

What is a good reference point for telling the size of an artery

A

If it has clear internal elastic lamina then considered muscular or elastic

17
Q

Describe arterioles

A

Have small tunica media layer compared to other arteries

No internal elastic lamina

Thin tunica adventitia and thin tunica intima

18
Q

Describe a capillary

A

About diameter of a red blood cell

**Usually only has tunica intima **

(Maybe has pericyte tunica media)

19
Q

Define a pericyte

A

CT cell similar to mesenchymal cell

Contractile

May help with would healing

20
Q

What are 3 types of capillaries?

A

Continuous

Fenestrated

Sinusoidal

21
Q

Describe a continuous capillary

A

Has pinocytotic vesicles

Has tight junctions

Located in muscle, fat, lung, CNS

22
Q

Describe a fenestrated capillary

A

Has pinocytotic vessels

May have diaphragms

Found in endocrine glands, kidney, and GI

23
Q

Describe sinusoidal capillary

A

Large lumen diameter

Gaping spaces between endothelial cells

Incomplete basal lamina

In spleen, liver, and bone marrow

24
Q

Describe arteriovenous anastomoses

A

Shunt past capillary - from arteriole to venule

Active organ has closed shunts so blood must go through capillary and provide oxygen

Organ at rest opens AV shunts

25
Q

Describe metarterioles

A

Main highway between capillary

Precapillary sphincters can divert blood to highway or local roads

26
Q

How to generally recognize veins against arteries?

A

Veins have large lumen, thin walls, irregular shape

27
Q

From which blood vessels do WBCs choose to extravate into tissue?

A

From post-capillary venules

28
Q

How do you discern a venule from a small/medium vein?

A

Veins have smooth muscle, elastic fibers, collagen fibers,

29
Q

How do you discern large and small veins?

A

Large veins have 2 layers of smooth muscle - both longitudinally and circumfrentially

Small veins only have one layer in tunica media

30
Q

Continue with lymphatics

A

CV Week 1 (6 decks)

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