Histology

Question 0

epithelium

Answer 0

a sheet of cells that covers an exposed surface or lines an internal cavity or passageways

Question 1

Four primary tissue types

Answer 1

epithelial tissue
connective tissue
muscle tissue
neural tissue

Question 2

Functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 2

1. provide physical protection
2. control permeability
3. provide sensation
4. produce specialized secretions - gland cells

Question 3

Two types of layering of the epithelia

Answer 3

1. simple

2. stratified

Question 4

Simple epithelium

Answer 4

only a single layer of cells covering the basal lamina （基底层）
relatively thin, fragile
where secretion, absorption, or filtration occurs
line internal compartments and passageways, including the ventral body cavities
e.g. chambers of heart, all blood vessels

Question 5

Stratified epithelium

Answer 5

has two or more layers of cells
thicker and sturdier
only the shape of the most superficial cells is used to describe the epithelium
usually found in areas subject to mechanical or chemical stresses
e.g. the surface of the skin, the lining of the mouth

Question 6

squamous epithelium

Answer 6

thin, flat, and somewhat irregular in shape

Question 7

simple squamous epithelium

Answer 7

the most delicate type in the body
found in protected regions where absorption takes place
e.g. the respiratory exchange surfaces (alveoli) of the lung, the serous membranes lining the ventral body cavities, the inner surfaces of the circulatory system, heart and blood vessels

Question 8

stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 8

locations: surface of skin, lining of mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, anus, and vagina
functions: provides physical protection against abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attack

Question 9

cuboidal epithelia

Answer 9

appear square
each nuclei is near the center of the cell with the distance between adjacent nuclei roughly equal to the height of epithelium

Question 10

simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 10

locations: glands ducts, portions of kidney tubules, thyroid gland
functions: limited protection secretion, absorption

Question 11

stratified cuboidal epithelium (optional)

Answer 11

locations: lining of some ducts (rare)
functions: protection, secretion, absorption

Question 12

columnar epithelia

Answer 12

their height is much greater than their width

the nuclei are crowded into a narrow band close to the basal lamina

Question 13

sample columnar epithelium

Answer 13

locations: lining of stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes, and collecting ducts of kidneys
functions: protection, secretion, absorption

Question 14

stratified columnar epithelium

Answer 14

locations: small areas of the pharynx, epiglottis, anus, mammary gland, salivary gland ducts, and urethra
functions: protection

Question 15

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 15

includes a mixture of cell types, nuclei are situated at varying distances from the surface

locations: lining of nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi, portions of male reproductive tract
functions: protection, secretion

Question 16

three types of connective tissues

Answer 16

1. connective tissue proper
2. fluid connective tissues
3. supporting connective tissues

Question 17

three types of muscle tissue

Answer 17

1. skeletal muscle tissue
2. cardiac muscle tissue
3. smooth muscle tissue