Histology Flashcards
what is the primary function of the filiform papillae?
Mechanical scraper due to its keratinized surface
Salivary glands secrete what 2 important minerals for dental development?
calcium & phosphate
What are other important functions of the salivary glands besides aiding food digestion?
Bicarbonate buffer for oral cavity; regulator of oral flora; secretes IgA
The acinus of a salivary gland contains cells that secret what?
serous (protein) & mucous (mucin)
What is the largest salivary serous gland?
the Parotid gland
the submandibular gland secretes mostly what?
serous secretions
the sublingual gland secretes mostly what?
mucous type
List the 4 layers of the GI canal.
mucosal; submucosa; muscularis externa; serosa
what is the primary function of the muscularis externa?
segmentation & peristalsis
Enzyme & hormone secreting cells are located within which sublayer of the mucosa?
epithelium
The mucosal epithelium of the stomach consists of what which epithelial type?
simple columnar epithelium that consists of goblet cells
The lamina propria consist of what?
loose C.T. & MALT
The tongue consits of what type of epithelium?
stratified squamous
what kind of papillae would you expect to find along the lateral aspects of the tongue?
foliate papillae
what is the primary function of moat?
retain fluid secreted by glands beneath
Intercalated ducts secrete……….& absorb………….?
bicarbonic acid; chloride ions
striated ducts secrete……………..& absorb…………..?
Potassium & bicarbonic ions; sodium ions
What CN passes through the parotid gland and what is the clinical significance of this?
CN VII; assoc. w/ mumps
the mucosa of the esophagus is of what epithelial type?
stratified squamous (non-keratinized)
Meissner’s (submucosal) plexus is located in which layer of the esophagus?
submucosa
what is the primary function of the esophageal submucosa?
distension during swallowing
the myenteric (Auterbach’s) plexus can be found in which esophageal layer?
muscularis
describe the muscle fiber arrangements throughout the esophagus.
upper 1/3: striated
middle 1/3: mixed striated & smooth
lower 1/3: smooth
the esophageal adventitia contains what important vessles?
lymphatic & blood vessles
esophageal glands secrete what?
mucus
which type of esophageal gland is located in the submucosa?
esophageal glands proper
esophageal cardiac glands are found in which layer of the esophagous?
lamina propria
what is the primary role of cardiac glands in the stomach?
mainly secrete mucin to protect esophageal epithelium from gastric reflux
pyloric glands primarily secrete what?
viscous secretion
what epithelial type is the stomach endothelium?
simple columnar epithelium
what are the 4 main components of gastric juice?
HCl; pepsin; mucus; intrinsic factor
what is the primary function of surface mucous cells in the stomach?
secrete bicarbonate mucous film that protects gastric mucosa from highly acidic gastric fluid
what is the primary role of chief cells?
conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin
where are chief cells located?
basal portion of gastric glands
what is the primary role of parietal cells?
secretion of HCl
the content of enteroendocrine cells is released into which layer of the GI canal?
lamina propria
what minerals are stored in the liver?
Lipophilic Vits: A, D, & K
iron
what important plasma proteins are produced in the liver?
albumin, VLDL, complement proteins, Clotting factors, & globulins
List the components of the Portal Triad.
Bile Duct, Hepatic Artery, & Portal vein
what is the main role of kupffer cells and where are they located?
Located in sinusoidal epithelial cells; these cells break down old red blood cells from the spleen
what are the principle functions of hepatic stellate cells
storage of Vit. A.; collagen synthesis, blood flow regulation in the sinusoids
what is the principle function of the Classic hepatic lobule
Drainage of blood From the portal vein in hepatic artery into the central vein
What is the principal function of the portal lobule
Drainage of bile from the hepatocytes to the bile duct
What is the principal function of the hepatic Acinus
Supplies oxygenated blood to hepatocytes
Describe the histological characteristics of the classic lobules
Hexagonal Structure With a central vein in the center and portal triads at each corner of the hexagon
What connects the hepatocytes to the sinusoids
space of Mall/Disse
what happens at the BL surface of the space of Disse
Micro villi incr increase surface area of the sinusoids to allow maximal blood exchange Toward the absorption of blood byproducts and the secretion of plasma proteins into the bloodstream
What happens at the apical epithelium of the space of Disse
bile production & secretion
List the path of bile outflow using anatomical landmarks?
From the Bile canaliculi to the Canals of Hering
to interlobular ducts
then into the hepatic ducts which drain into the common hepatic duct
from the CHD, the bile goes to the gallbladder
At which anatomical vessel does the bile duct epithelium switch from cuboidal to columnar type epithelium?
Common hepatic duct
The main pancreatic duct drains into what anatomical structure of the duodenum?
Major Dewattano Papala
The accessory pancreatic duct drains into what duatanol structure
Minor dewotanol papilla
Xymogen granules are stored In which part of the pancreas
The Acinus
List the path zymogens take using anatomical structures
acinus through intercalated ducts and into the interlobular ducts
then into main pancreatic duct to hepatopancreatic ampulla when proplels zymogens into the duodenum
In which regions of the pancreas does glucose metabolism occur
Islets of Langerhans
retinoids are a key source for production of what proteins?
growth factors
Hepatic dysfunction can lead to cirrhosis/hepatic scarring. what is the pathological process by which this happens?
stellate cells synthesize large quantities of collagen leading to hepatic dysfunction
