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GI exam 1 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

what type of epithelium lines the oral cavity

A

stratified squamous non-cornified epithelium

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2
Q

what type of epithelium covers regions encountering abrasive/shearing forces
(especially lips, gingiva and hard palate)

A

stratified squamous parakeritinized

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3
Q

what type of secretions does the parotid gland do

A

serous

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4
Q

what type of secretions does the submandibular gland produce?

A

mixed (serous and mucous)

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5
Q

what type of secretions does the sublingual gland produce?

A

mucous

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6
Q

WHAT type of epithelium is on the external aspect of lips?

A

stratified squamous cornified

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7
Q

what type of epithelium is in the internal asepct of lip

A

stratified sqaumous non-cornified

wet!!

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8
Q

are there hair follicles or sweat glands in the vermillion zone?

A

no

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9
Q

what type of epithelium are the gums?

what type of CT and what type of Collagen

A

stratified squamous epithelium (either partially or fully cornified)

dense, irregular connective tissue
principal fiber groups formed by type I collagen fibers

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10
Q

what are the glands of nuhn

A

mucous glands on tongue

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11
Q

what are the glands of ebner

A

serous glands on tongue

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12
Q

which lingual papilla does NOT have taste buds

A

filiform papillae

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13
Q

which papillae resembles a mushroom and contains taste buds on dorsal surface

A

fungiform paillae

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14
Q

which papillae of the tongue is located along the posterolateral aspect of tongue and has taste buds that degenerate as a child

A

foliate papillae

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15
Q

which papillae are surrouded by valleys and are associated with von ebner glands and contain taste buds on the lateral surface

A

circumvallate papillae

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16
Q

what are the three cell types in the taste bud

A

gustatory (neuroepithelial cells)
sustenacular cells
basal cells

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17
Q

what are the 5 taste sensations

A 
salty
sour
sweet
bitter
savory (umami)
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18
Q

what taste sensations are mediated by specific ion channels

A

salty

sour

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19
Q

what taste sensations are mediated by membrane receptors

A

sweet
bitter
savory

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20
Q

complex taste perception is largely a function of what sensory element?

A

olfaction

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21
Q

what are the 4 main layers from lumen outward in the gut

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia

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22
Q

what are the 3 layers of the mucosa

A

epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae

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23
Q

what are the 2 (sometimes 3) layers of the muscularis mucosae of the mucosa layer

A 
inner circular layer
outer longitudinal layer
3rd layer (stomach) --> luminal/longitudinal oblique layer
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24
Q

from what embryological layer does the epithelial lining of GI tract arise

A

endoderm

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25
Q

from what embryological layer does the CT and smooth muscle of GI tract arise

A

mesoderm

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26
Q

what parts of the small intestine are peritonealized and which are retroperitonealized

A

peritonealized –> jéjunum and ileum

retroperitonealized –> duodenum

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27
Q

which parts of the large intestine are retroperitonealized and which are peritonealized

A

retroperitoneal:

  • ascending
  • descending

peritonealized:

  • transverse
  • sigmoid
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28
Q

what does the pectinate line in the anal canal demarcate ?

A

from simple columnar to stratified squamous (wet)

29
Q

what is the cardioesophageal junction

A

transition from esophagus to stomach sudden change from stratified squamous to simple columnar epithelium

30
Q

are there goblet cells in the stomach?

A

NO

31
Q

does the large intestine have villi?

A

no

32
Q

what is the shape of villus in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum

A

in duodenum - broad, short and leaf-like in jejunum - tongue-like projections in ileum - tall, narrow, finger-like projections

33
Q

what makes up the core of a villus

A

lamina propria

34
Q

what makes up the core of a plicae circularis

A

submucosa

35
Q

what are brunner’s glands

A

mucous secreting cells in the submucosa of duodenum only

36
Q

as we move down the GI tract what happens to the number of goblet cells

A

increases

37
Q

what type of epithelium lines the small intestine

A

simple columnar

38
Q

what are some of the products of enterendocrine cells of the small intestine

A

found mainly in crypts, occasionally (rarely) in villus
secrete product into vascular channels in lamina propria

products include:
					incretins (K-cells)
					GIP (L-cells)
					serotonin (enterochromaffin cells)
					somatostatin- stasis
					motilin
					cholecystokinin
					neurotensin
					VIP
					substance P
					endorphins
39
Q

where are paneth cells found

A

intestinal crypts

40
Q

where are M cells found

A

epithelium on small intestine

41
Q

what is the function of paneth cells

A

secrete enzyme lysozyme & peptide defensins
degrade components of bacterial cell wall

The secretion of these cells go into the lumen

42
Q

what is the function of M cells

A

part of innate and classic immune systems

actively capture/transport Ag’s to APCs & B cells in lamina propria

43
Q

what part of the duodenum has serosa and what part has adventitia

A

the anterior part has a serosa

the posterior part has adventitia (retroperitoneal)

44
Q

where are peyer’s patches found

A

ileum, jejunum, large intestine

45
Q

do the ileum and jejunum have serosa?

A

yes

46
Q

are there villi in the large intestine?

A

no

47
Q

are paneth cells in the large intestine

A

no

48
Q

what are crypts of Lieberkuhn

A

these are the intestinal crypts in the large intestine (longer and more closely packed)

49
Q

instead of plicae circularis like the small intestine, what is present in the large intestine

A

plica semilunaris

produce haustra

50
Q

where does tenia coli become continous again

A

rectum

51
Q

where are plica transversali found

A

rectum

52
Q

what occurs at the pectinate line

A

simple columnar to stratified squamous non-cornified

53
Q

what occurs in the epithelium at the caudal portion of the anal canal

A

epithelium changes to stratified squamous keratinzed

54
Q

from what tissue layer does the pancreas form

A

endoderm

55
Q

what do the alpha cells of pancreas produce

A

glucagon

56
Q

what do the beta cells produce (pancreas)

A

insulin

amylin

57
Q

what do delta cells of pancreas produce

A

somatostatin

58
Q

what doe the PP cells pancreas produce

A

pancreatic polypeptide

59
Q

what do the delta-1 (minor ) produce

A

VIP

60
Q

what do EC beta cells produce

A

secretin
motilin
substance P

61
Q

what doe epsilon cells produce

A

ghrelin

62
Q

what are stimulatory inputs to the pancreas

A

glucose, amino acids, glucagon, GIP, CCK, sulfonylurea compounds, b-sympathetic fibers

63
Q

what are inhibitory inputs to the pancreas

A

somatostatin, amylin, pancreastatin, α-sympathetic fibers

64
Q

what is the function of pancreatic polypeptide

A

stimulates gastric chief cells
inhibits bile secretion and intestinal motility
inhibits pancreatic enzymes and HCO3 secretion (bicarb)

65
Q

what is the function of VIP

A

Similar to action of glucagon (hyperglycemic and glycogenolytic)
Also affects secretory activity and motility in gut
Stimulates pancreatic exocrine secretion

66
Q

what is the function of secretin

A

acts locally:
stimulates HCO3 secretion (in pancreatic juice)
stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion

67
Q

what is the function of motilin

A

increases gastric and intestinal motility

68
Q

what is the function of ghrelin

A

appetite stimulant

69
Q

which cells are the first cell that blood usually encounters in the islet

A

beta cells

GI exam 1 (11 decks)

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