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GI exam 1 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

what type of epithelium lines the oral cavity

A

stratified squamous non-cornified epithelium

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2
Q

what type of epithelium covers regions encountering abrasive/shearing forces
(especially lips, gingiva and hard palate)

A

stratified squamous parakeritinized

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3
Q

what type of secretions does the parotid gland do

A

serous

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4
Q

what type of secretions does the submandibular gland produce?

A

mixed (serous and mucous)

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5
Q

what type of secretions does the sublingual gland produce?

A

mucous

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6
Q

WHAT type of epithelium is on the external aspect of lips?

A

stratified squamous cornified

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7
Q

what type of epithelium is in the internal asepct of lip

A

stratified sqaumous non-cornified

wet!!

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8
Q

are there hair follicles or sweat glands in the vermillion zone?

A

no

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9
Q

what type of epithelium are the gums?

what type of CT and what type of Collagen

A

stratified squamous epithelium (either partially or fully cornified)

dense, irregular connective tissue
principal fiber groups formed by type I collagen fibers

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10
Q

what are the glands of nuhn

A

mucous glands on tongue

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11
Q

what are the glands of ebner

A

serous glands on tongue

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12
Q

which lingual papilla does NOT have taste buds

A

filiform papillae

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13
Q

which papillae resembles a mushroom and contains taste buds on dorsal surface

A

fungiform paillae

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14
Q

which papillae of the tongue is located along the posterolateral aspect of tongue and has taste buds that degenerate as a child

A

foliate papillae

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15
Q

which papillae are surrouded by valleys and are associated with von ebner glands and contain taste buds on the lateral surface

A

circumvallate papillae

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16
Q

what are the three cell types in the taste bud

A

gustatory (neuroepithelial cells)
sustenacular cells
basal cells

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17
Q

what are the 5 taste sensations

A 
salty
sour
sweet
bitter
savory (umami)
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18
Q

what taste sensations are mediated by specific ion channels

A

salty

sour

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19
Q

what taste sensations are mediated by membrane receptors

A

sweet
bitter
savory

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20
Q

complex taste perception is largely a function of what sensory element?

A

olfaction

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21
Q

what are the 4 main layers from lumen outward in the gut

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia

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22
Q

what are the 3 layers of the mucosa

A

epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae

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23
Q

what are the 2 (sometimes 3) layers of the muscularis mucosae of the mucosa layer

A 
inner circular layer
outer longitudinal layer
3rd layer (stomach) --> luminal/longitudinal oblique layer
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24
Q

from what embryological layer does the epithelial lining of GI tract arise

A

endoderm

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25
from what embryological layer does the CT and smooth muscle of GI tract arise
mesoderm
26
what parts of the small intestine are peritonealized and which are retroperitonealized
peritonealized --> jéjunum and ileum retroperitonealized --> duodenum
27
which parts of the large intestine are retroperitonealized and which are peritonealized
retroperitoneal: - ascending - descending peritonealized: - transverse - sigmoid
28
what does the pectinate line in the anal canal demarcate ?
from simple columnar to stratified squamous (wet)
29
what is the cardioesophageal junction
transition from esophagus to stomach sudden change from stratified squamous to simple columnar epithelium
30
are there goblet cells in the stomach?
NO
31
does the large intestine have villi?
no
32
what is the shape of villus in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum
in duodenum - broad, short and leaf-like in jejunum - tongue-like projections in ileum - tall, narrow, finger-like projections
33
what makes up the core of a villus
lamina propria
34
what makes up the core of a plicae circularis
submucosa
35
what are brunner's glands
mucous secreting cells in the submucosa of duodenum only
36
as we move down the GI tract what happens to the number of goblet cells
increases
37
what type of epithelium lines the small intestine
simple columnar
38
what are some of the products of enterendocrine cells of the small intestine
found mainly in crypts, occasionally (rarely) in villus secrete product into vascular channels in lamina propria ``` products include: incretins (K-cells) GIP (L-cells) serotonin (enterochromaffin cells) somatostatin- stasis motilin cholecystokinin neurotensin VIP substance P endorphins ```
39
where are paneth cells found
intestinal crypts
40
where are M cells found
epithelium on small intestine
41
what is the function of paneth cells
secrete enzyme lysozyme & peptide defensins degrade components of bacterial cell wall The secretion of these cells go into the lumen
42
what is the function of M cells
part of innate and classic immune systems | actively capture/transport Ag’s to APCs & B cells in lamina propria
43
what part of the duodenum has serosa and what part has adventitia
the anterior part has a serosa the posterior part has adventitia (retroperitoneal)
44
where are peyer's patches found
ileum, jejunum, large intestine
45
do the ileum and jejunum have serosa?
yes
46
are there villi in the large intestine?
no
47
are paneth cells in the large intestine
no
48
what are crypts of Lieberkuhn
these are the intestinal crypts in the large intestine (longer and more closely packed)
49
instead of plicae circularis like the small intestine, what is present in the large intestine
plica semilunaris | produce haustra
50
where does tenia coli become continous again
rectum
51
where are plica transversali found
rectum
52
what occurs at the pectinate line
simple columnar to stratified squamous non-cornified
53
what occurs in the epithelium at the caudal portion of the anal canal
epithelium changes to stratified squamous keratinzed
54
from what tissue layer does the pancreas form
endoderm
55
what do the alpha cells of pancreas produce
glucagon
56
what do the beta cells produce (pancreas)
insulin | amylin
57
what do delta cells of pancreas produce
somatostatin
58
what doe the PP cells pancreas produce
pancreatic polypeptide
59
what do the delta-1 (minor ) produce
VIP
60
what do EC beta cells produce
secretin motilin substance P
61
what doe epsilon cells produce
ghrelin
62
what are stimulatory inputs to the pancreas
glucose, amino acids, glucagon, GIP, CCK, sulfonylurea compounds, b-sympathetic fibers
63
what are inhibitory inputs to the pancreas
somatostatin, amylin, pancreastatin, α-sympathetic fibers
64
what is the function of pancreatic polypeptide
stimulates gastric chief cells inhibits bile secretion and intestinal motility inhibits pancreatic enzymes and HCO3 secretion (bicarb)
65
what is the function of VIP
Similar to action of glucagon (hyperglycemic and glycogenolytic) Also affects secretory activity and motility in gut Stimulates pancreatic exocrine secretion
66
what is the function of secretin
acts locally: stimulates HCO3 secretion (in pancreatic juice) stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion
67
what is the function of motilin
increases gastric and intestinal motility
68
what is the function of ghrelin
appetite stimulant
69
which cells are the first cell that blood usually encounters in the islet
beta cells

GI exam 1 (11 decks)

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