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Week 1 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

histology

A

the study of the microscopic structures of biological tissues

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2
Q

cell theory

A

1- all living things are composed of 1 or more cells
2- a cell is the basic unit of life
3- new cells arise from pre-existing cells

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3
Q

prokaryotes

A

no nucleus

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4
Q

eukaryotes

A

nucleus + cytoplasm present

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5
Q

cytoplasm

A

cytosol = intracellular fluid
cytoskeleton = network protein filaments maintaining structure

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6
Q

tissues (2)

A

parenchyma = working tissue
stroma = scaffold + nutrition (blood vessels/nerves)

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7
Q

types of tissue (4)

A

connective = (space filling) protects + supports
epithelial = covers/lines body surfaces
muscle = contract to generate force
nervous = generate electrical signals (surrounded by the ECM)

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8
Q

carcinoma

A

the most common type of epithelial cancer (85%)
developing process - dedifferentiation; proliferate; invade CT + organs; enter blood vessels; metastasis

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9
Q

four steps of staining

A

fixation -> embedding -> sectioning -> staining

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10
Q

staining: fixation

A

PURPOSE: preservation
freezing (-80 d.c.) aldehyde based

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11
Q

staining: embedding

A

frozen samples are dehydrated and embedded in paraffin wax for support

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12
Q

staining: sectioning

A

microtome is used to cut thin sections
the thinner the section, the higher the resolution

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13
Q

staining: staining

A

non-specific: often need to be rehydrated
specific

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14
Q

haematoxylin + eosin

A

basic + acid respectively
H is basophilic (stains acidic)
E is acidophilic (stains basic)

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15
Q

PAS (periodic-acid/ Schiff)

A

stains carbohydrates + glycogen
magenta = positive
lipids are dissolves so appear empty

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16
Q

epithelium: basic knowledge

A

avascular - nourished by CT
are polar (base different charge to apex)
sit on a basement membrane
covers + protects
forms glandular structure + can combine with nervous tissue to make special senses (e.g. olfactory tissue in the nose)

17
Q

covering epithelia

A

cover all body surfaces

18
Q

glandular epithelia

A

secretory + arranged into glands
are invaginated/ glandular organs

19
Q

exocrine glands

A

retain continuity w/ surface - secrete via ducts

20
Q

endocrine glands

A

lose contact with the surface - secrete directly into bloodstream (thyroid gland)

21
Q

simple structure

A

single layer/ secretion + absorption/ fragile

22
Q

stratified

A

2 or more layers/ protection

23
Q

pseudostratified

A

1 layer/ mix of all shapes
looks like stratified as nuclei at different levels + not all cells reach surface BUT all cells touch the basement membrane

24
Q

squamous

A

flat shaped

25
Q

cuboidal

A

cube shaped

26
Q

columnar

A

tall cylindrical shaped

27
Q

transitional

A

readily change shape/ accommodates stretching

28
Q

epithelial surface specialisation

A

cilia/ keratin etc

Week 1 (4 decks)

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