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Bio Sci 202 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four main types of tissue?

A

Epithelial, connective, nervous, muscular.

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2
Q

What categories is epithelial tissue broken into?

A

Simple: squamous, cuboidal, columnar, pseudo-stratified columnar

Stratified: squamous, cuboidal, transitional

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3
Q

What categories is connective tissue broken into?

A

Fibrous: loose (areolar or reticular), dense (regular or irregular)

Cartilage: hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Oddballs: Adipose, blood, bone

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4
Q

What categories is muscle tissue broken into?

A

Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth

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5
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

A

Covers/lines organ surfaces, forms glands and skin, helps with secretion and absorption

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6
Q

Where can simple squamous epithelial tissue be found in the body?

A

Lung air sacs, kidneys, heart/blood vessel endothelium, serous membranes of stomach/intestines, surface mesothelium of pleura, pericardium, peritoneum, and mesenteries

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of simple squamous epithelial tissue?

A

Single layer of thin, disc-like cells, nucleus is flattened

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8
Q

Where can simple cuboidal epithelial tissue be found in the body?

A

Glands: liver, thyroid, mammary, salivary
Most kidney tubules
Bronchioles

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of simple cuboidal epithelial tissue?

A

Single layer of square or rounded cube-like cells
Nuclei: circular, located in center of cell

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10
Q

Where can simple columnar epithelial tissue be found in the body?

A

Inner lining of stomach, intestines, gallbladder & uterus
Some kidney tubules

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of simple columnar epithelial tissue?

A

Single layer of tall, narrow (rectangular) cells
Oval shaped nucleus
Vertically oriented
Usually in basal half of cell

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12
Q

Where can stratified squamous epithelial tissue be found in the body

A

Keratinized: Epidermis (palms & soles)
Non-keratinized: Tongue, oral mucosa, esophagus, anal canal, vagina

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of stratified squamous epithelial tissue?

A

Multiple layers with cells becoming increasingly flat/scaly toward surface
Basal area may be more cuboidal in shape
Can be keratinized (layer of compact dead cells without nuclei)

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14
Q

Where can stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue be found in the body?

A

Sweat gland ducts, ovary follicles, seminiferous tubules of testis

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue?

A

2+ layers of cells
Surface cells= square or rounded

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16
Q

Where can stratified columnar epithelial tissue be found in the body?

A

Parts of conjunctiva and eye
Parts of pharynx
Lobar ducts in salivary glands

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of stratified columnar epithelial tissue?

A

Multiple layers with cells becoming columnar toward surface
Basal area may be more cuboidal in shape

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18
Q

Where can pseudo-stratified columnar epithelial tissue be found in the body?

A

Respiratory tract (nasal cavity -> bronchi)
Parts of male urethra

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of pseudo-stratified epithelial tissue?

A

Single layer of cells that look multi-layered
All cells originate from basement membrane
Nuclei at several levels
Ciliated

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20
Q

Where can stratified transitional epithelial tissue be found in the body?

A

Umbilical cord
Urinary tract: part of kidneys, ureter, urethra, bladder

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21
Q

What are the characteristics of stratified transitional epithelial tissue?

A

Multiple layers of shapes and sizes
Surface layer= bulging & irregular

22
Q

Where can fibrous loose areolar connective tissue be found in the body?

A

Underlying nearly all epithelia
Surrounding blood vessels, nerves, esophagus, and trachea
Fascia between muscles
Mesenteries
Visceral layers of pericardium and pleura

23
Q

What are the characteristics of fibrous loose areolar connective tissue?

A

Scatter collagenous, elastic and reticular fibers
Many cells of various types
Numerous blood vessels

24
Q

Where can fibrous loose reticular connective tissue be found in the body?

A

Lymph nodes
Spleen
Thymus
Bone marrow

25
Q

What are the characteristics of fibrous loose reticular connective tissue?

A

Loose network of reticular fibers & cells
Infiltrated by lots of WBC (White Blood Cells)

26
Q

Where can fibrous dense regular connective tissue be found in the body?

A

Tendons
Ligaments

27
Q

What are the characteristics of dense regular connective tissue

A

Densely packed, parallel, often wavy collagen fibers
Slender nuclei compressed between collagen bundles
Few blood vessels

28
Q

Where can fibrous dense irregular connective tissue be found in the body?

A

Deeper portion of dermis of skin
Capsules around viscera such as liver, kidney, spleen
Fibrous sheaths around cartilages and bones

29
Q

What are the characteristics fibrous dense irregular connective tissue?

A

Densely packed collagen fibers going in random directions
Few visible cells
Few blood vessels

30
Q

Where can hyaline cartilage connective tissue be found in the body?

A

Over the ends of bones at movable joints
Around trachea, bronchi and larynx
Fetal skeleton
End of a rib to a breastbone

31
Q

What are the characteristics of hyaline cartilage connective tissue?

A

Clear, glassy matrix
Fibers not obvious
Often in small clusters of 2-4 cells (chondrocytes)
Look like eyes or fish eggs

32
Q

Where can elastic cartilage connective tissue be found?

A

External ear
Epiglottis

33
Q

What are the characteristics of elastic cartilage connective tissue?

A

Elastic fibers from weblike mesh and lacunae
Always covered by perichondrium
Fibers are fine and dark

34
Q

Where can fibrocartilage connective tissue be found in the body?

A

Pubic symphysis
Intervertebral discs
Knee menisci
Tendons insertions on bones

35
Q

What are the characteristics of fibrocartilage connective tissue?

A

Numerous parallel collagen fibers
Rows of unclustered chondrocytes in lacunae between collagen fibers

36
Q

Where can adipose connective tissue be found in the body?

A

Subcutaneous fat
Breast
Heart surface
Mesenteries
Surrounding organs such as kidneys and eyes

37
Q

What are the characteristics of adipose connective tissue?

A

Large, open cell (adipocyte) with thin margins
Very pale because of scarcity of stained cytoplasm
Small nucleus on periphery

38
Q

Where can bone connective tissue be found in the body?

A

Compact bones

39
Q

What are the characteristics of bone connective tissue?

A

Dominated by osteons—large, cork-like circles with mineralized concentric rings around central canal
Tiny dark dots in rings are cells (osteocytes)
Densely packed
Blood vessels present

40
Q

Where can blood connective tissue blood be found in the body?

A

Heart
Blood vessels
Arteries

41
Q

What are the characteristics of blood connective tissue?

A

Numerous tiny, circular cells (erythrocytes) with thinner margins
Often very pale because of scarcity of stained cytoplasm
Cells suspended in plasma
Typically NO nucleus

42
Q

What is the function of muscle tissue?

A

Facilitate movement throughout the body

43
Q

Where does muscle tissue originate?

A

Mesoderm

44
Q

What are the characteristics of muscle tissue?

A

Composed of filaments that aid in contraction and extension
Cells are closely packed
Cells elongated, appear to be oriented in the same direction

45
Q

Where can skeletal muscle tissue be found in the body?

A

Typical muscles attached to bones
Tongue
Esophagus
Some sphincter
Some facial

46
Q

What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue?

A

Mostly cell (myocyte) with little ECM
Multiple nuclei – small/flat on edges of fibers
Long striated fibers  kind of look like ribbons

47
Q

Where can smooth muscle tissue be found in the body?

A

Small amounts found in the iris of the eye and skin
Mostly (called visceral muscle) form layers in the walls of the digestive system
Respiratory and urinary tracts
Blood vessels
Uterus

48
Q

What are the characteristics of smooth muscle tissue?

A

Mostly cell (myocyte) with little ECM
1 nucleus – center of cell
Densely packed to the point of overlapping
Small, slender, spindle-shaped cells
NO striations

49
Q

Where can cardiac muscle tissue be found in the body?

A

Heart

50
Q

What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue?

A

Mostly cell (myocyte) with little ECM
1 nucleus
Striated but less defined
Cell is shorter & has smaller diameter than skeletal muscles
Fibers
Branched
Longer than smooth muscles

51
Q

Where can nervous tissue be found in the body?

A

Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, ganglia

52
Q

What are the characteristics of nervous tissue?

A

Few large neurons
Cell bodies = usually rounded or stellate (star-shaped)
Many branching processes from body

Bio Sci 202 (2 decks)

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