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Bio Sci 202 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main types of tissue?

A

Epithelial, connective, nervous, muscular.

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2
Q

What categories is epithelial tissue broken into?

A

Simple: squamous, cuboidal, columnar, pseudo-stratified columnar

Stratified: squamous, cuboidal, transitional

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3
Q

What categories is connective tissue broken into?

A

Fibrous: loose (areolar or reticular), dense (regular or irregular)

Cartilage: hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Oddballs: Adipose, blood, bone

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4
Q

What categories is muscle tissue broken into?

A

Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth

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5
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

A

Covers/lines organ surfaces, forms glands and skin, helps with secretion and absorption

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6
Q

Where can simple squamous epithelial tissue be found in the body?

A

Lung air sacs, kidneys, heart/blood vessel endothelium, serous membranes of stomach/intestines, surface mesothelium of pleura, pericardium, peritoneum, and mesenteries

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of simple squamous epithelial tissue?

A

Single layer of thin, disc-like cells, nucleus is flattened

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8
Q

Where can simple cuboidal epithelial tissue be found in the body?

A

Glands: liver, thyroid, mammary, salivary
Most kidney tubules
Bronchioles

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of simple cuboidal epithelial tissue?

A

Single layer of square or rounded cube-like cells
Nuclei: circular, located in center of cell

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10
Q

Where can simple columnar epithelial tissue be found in the body?

A

Inner lining of stomach, intestines, gallbladder & uterus
Some kidney tubules

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of simple columnar epithelial tissue?

A

Single layer of tall, narrow (rectangular) cells
Oval shaped nucleus
Vertically oriented
Usually in basal half of cell

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12
Q

Where can stratified squamous epithelial tissue be found in the body

A

Keratinized: Epidermis (palms & soles)
Non-keratinized: Tongue, oral mucosa, esophagus, anal canal, vagina

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of stratified squamous epithelial tissue?

A

Multiple layers with cells becoming increasingly flat/scaly toward surface
Basal area may be more cuboidal in shape
Can be keratinized (layer of compact dead cells without nuclei)

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14
Q

Where can stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue be found in the body?

A

Sweat gland ducts, ovary follicles, seminiferous tubules of testis

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue?

A

2+ layers of cells
Surface cells= square or rounded

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16
Q

Where can stratified columnar epithelial tissue be found in the body?

A

Parts of conjunctiva and eye
Parts of pharynx
Lobar ducts in salivary glands

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of stratified columnar epithelial tissue?

A

Multiple layers with cells becoming columnar toward surface
Basal area may be more cuboidal in shape

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18
Q

Where can pseudo-stratified columnar epithelial tissue be found in the body?

A

Respiratory tract (nasal cavity -> bronchi)
Parts of male urethra

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of pseudo-stratified epithelial tissue?

A

Single layer of cells that look multi-layered
All cells originate from basement membrane
Nuclei at several levels
Ciliated

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20
Q

Where can stratified transitional epithelial tissue be found in the body?

A

Umbilical cord
Urinary tract: part of kidneys, ureter, urethra, bladder

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21
Q

What are the characteristics of stratified transitional epithelial tissue?

A

Multiple layers of shapes and sizes
Surface layer= bulging & irregular

22
Q

Where can fibrous loose areolar connective tissue be found in the body?

A

Underlying nearly all epithelia
Surrounding blood vessels, nerves, esophagus, and trachea
Fascia between muscles
Mesenteries
Visceral layers of pericardium and pleura

23
Q

What are the characteristics of fibrous loose areolar connective tissue?

A

Scatter collagenous, elastic and reticular fibers
Many cells of various types
Numerous blood vessels

24
Q

Where can fibrous loose reticular connective tissue be found in the body?

A

Lymph nodes
Spleen
Thymus
Bone marrow

25
What are the characteristics of fibrous loose reticular connective tissue?
Loose network of reticular fibers & cells Infiltrated by lots of WBC (White Blood Cells)
26
Where can fibrous dense regular connective tissue be found in the body?
Tendons Ligaments
27
What are the characteristics of dense regular connective tissue
Densely packed, parallel, often wavy collagen fibers Slender nuclei compressed between collagen bundles Few blood vessels
28
Where can fibrous dense irregular connective tissue be found in the body?
Deeper portion of dermis of skin Capsules around viscera such as liver, kidney, spleen Fibrous sheaths around cartilages and bones
29
What are the characteristics fibrous dense irregular connective tissue?
Densely packed collagen fibers going in random directions Few visible cells Few blood vessels
30
Where can hyaline cartilage connective tissue be found in the body?
Over the ends of bones at movable joints Around trachea, bronchi and larynx Fetal skeleton End of a rib to a breastbone
31
What are the characteristics of hyaline cartilage connective tissue?
Clear, glassy matrix Fibers not obvious Often in small clusters of 2-4 cells (chondrocytes) Look like eyes or fish eggs
32
Where can elastic cartilage connective tissue be found?
External ear Epiglottis
33
What are the characteristics of elastic cartilage connective tissue?
Elastic fibers from weblike mesh and lacunae Always covered by perichondrium Fibers are fine and dark
34
Where can fibrocartilage connective tissue be found in the body?
Pubic symphysis Intervertebral discs Knee menisci Tendons insertions on bones
35
What are the characteristics of fibrocartilage connective tissue?
Numerous parallel collagen fibers Rows of unclustered chondrocytes in lacunae between collagen fibers
36
Where can adipose connective tissue be found in the body?
Subcutaneous fat Breast Heart surface Mesenteries Surrounding organs such as kidneys and eyes
37
What are the characteristics of adipose connective tissue?
Large, open cell (adipocyte) with thin margins Very pale because of scarcity of stained cytoplasm Small nucleus on periphery
38
Where can bone connective tissue be found in the body?
Compact bones
39
What are the characteristics of bone connective tissue?
Dominated by osteons—large, cork-like circles with mineralized concentric rings around central canal Tiny dark dots in rings are cells (osteocytes) Densely packed Blood vessels present
40
Where can blood connective tissue blood be found in the body?
Heart Blood vessels Arteries
41
What are the characteristics of blood connective tissue?
Numerous tiny, circular cells (erythrocytes) with thinner margins Often very pale because of scarcity of stained cytoplasm Cells suspended in plasma Typically NO nucleus
42
What is the function of muscle tissue?
Facilitate movement throughout the body
43
Where does muscle tissue originate?
Mesoderm
44
What are the characteristics of muscle tissue?
Composed of filaments that aid in contraction and extension Cells are closely packed Cells elongated, appear to be oriented in the same direction
45
Where can skeletal muscle tissue be found in the body?
Typical muscles attached to bones Tongue Esophagus Some sphincter Some facial
46
What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue?
Mostly cell (myocyte) with little ECM Multiple nuclei – small/flat on edges of fibers Long striated fibers  kind of look like ribbons
47
Where can smooth muscle tissue be found in the body?
Small amounts found in the iris of the eye and skin Mostly (called visceral muscle) form layers in the walls of the digestive system Respiratory and urinary tracts Blood vessels Uterus
48
What are the characteristics of smooth muscle tissue?
Mostly cell (myocyte) with little ECM 1 nucleus – center of cell Densely packed to the point of overlapping Small, slender, spindle-shaped cells NO striations
49
Where can cardiac muscle tissue be found in the body?
Heart
50
What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue?
Mostly cell (myocyte) with little ECM 1 nucleus Striated but less defined Cell is shorter & has smaller diameter than skeletal muscles Fibers Branched Longer than smooth muscles
51
Where can nervous tissue be found in the body?
Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, ganglia
52
What are the characteristics of nervous tissue?
Few large neurons Cell bodies = usually rounded or stellate (star-shaped) Many branching processes from body

Bio Sci 202 (2 decks)

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