Histology Flashcards
What are neutrophils associated with?
acute inflammation
What a e nuceli like for neutrophils?
multi-lobed nuclei
What are lymphocytes associated with?
chronic inflammation (or could be lymphomas)
How much cytoplasm is in lymphocytes?
small cytoplasm
What do eosinophils look like?
red granules
What are eosinophils associated with?
- allergic reactions
- parasitic infections
- tumours e.g. Hodgkin’s disease
When could you have eosinophilic oesophagitis?
due to allergic reaction to food
What do mast cells contain?
Lots of granules
e.g. otacharia
What type of reaction are mast cells associated with?
type 1 hypersensitivity
What type of cells are macrophages?
phagocytic cells
What are macrophages associated with?
- late acute inflammation
2. chronic inflammation (including granulomas)
What are granulomas?
organised collection of activated macrophages
What is at the centre of granulomas?
giant cell (lots of nuclei)
What are granulomas associated with?
type 4 hypersensitivity reaction
What does the ziehl-neelson stain do?
reveals presence of acid fast bacteria
What are different types of tumours?
- Carcinomas
- Sarcomas
- Lymphoma
- Melanoma
What is a carcinoma?
malignant neoplasm of epithelial tissue
What is a sarcoma?
malignant tumour of connective tissue
What is a lymphoma?
malignant tumour of lymphoma (not benign)
What is a melanoma?
malignant tumour of melanocytes
What are types of carcinoma?
- squamous cell carcinoma
- adenocarcinoma
- transitional cell carcinoma
What production is squamous cell carcinoma associated with?
- keratin production
- produce intercellular bridges
- as they differentiate more they produce less keratin and less intercellular bridges
What do adenocarcinomas arise from?
glandular tissue
What production is adenocarcinomas associated with?
- mucin production
- form glands
How can you tell the type of tumour?
- pink stuff is keratin so it is squamous cell carcinoma
- forming a gland so it is a adenocarcinoma and mucin stain on it
What are sites of origin of squamous cancer?
- skin
- head and neck
- oesophagus
- anus
- cervix
- vagina
What stain is used in grandular eputhelium?
mucin stain (blue is mucin)
What are the sites of origin of adenocarcinomas?
- Lung
- Breast
- Stomach
- Colon
- Pancreas
What are the signs of a malignant melanoma?
- irregular
- nodular
- no sharp defined edges
- may bleed