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MB3 Obstetrics and Gynaecology > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the ovary

A

gamete production

production of steroids - oestrogens and progestins

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2
Q

what is found in ovarian medulla

A

loose connective tissue, arteries, veins, lymphatics

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3
Q

what is found in ovarian cortex

A

ovarian follicles

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4
Q

what tissue encapsulates ovary

A

tunica albuginea

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5
Q

describe the formation of a primordial follicle from embryonic development

A

germ cells from yolk sac invade ovaries and proliferate to oogonia
meiosis begins and is arrested at prophase I to form primordial follicle

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6
Q

describe the features of a primary follicle

A

outer layers of granulosa cells become more cuboidal instead of squamous and there is early formation of zona pellucida

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7
Q

describe the features of a late primary follicle

A

granulosa cell proliferation and establishment of zona pellucida

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8
Q

describe the formation of a secondary follicle

A

fluid filled antrum with features of granulosa cell proliferation and zona pellucida

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9
Q

describe the appearance of the graffian follicle

A

large antrum, cells lining oocyte and external follicle

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10
Q

inner layer of stromal cells of follicle and function

A

theca interna

secrete oestrogen precursors made to oestrogen by granulosa cella

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11
Q

outer layer of stromal cells of follicle

A

theca externa

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12
Q

describe the process of graffian follicle becoming fully mature ready for ovulation

A

oocyte completes meiosis I and produces secondary oocyte and polar body that is discarded
undergoes meiosis II up to metaphase II

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13
Q

when does the oocyte fully complete meiosis II

A

when fertilised by sperm

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14
Q

describe what happens to graffian follicle after oocyte is released during ovulation

A

follicle involutes to corpus haemorrhagica then corpus luteum
theca and granulosa cells secrete oestrogen and progesterone
if no implantation then degenerates to corpus albicans
if implantation HCG prevents degeneration temporarily to maintain progesterone levels

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15
Q

how many smooth muscle layers in uterine tubes

A

2 in ampulla, 3 in isthmus

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16
Q

describe how oocyte moves into uterine tube

A

infundibulum moves to direct oocyte into uterine tube
fimbriae brush oocyte
once in tube there is gently peristalsis to move oocyte along

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17
Q

what is the perimetrium made up of

A

outer loose connective tissue covered by mesothelium

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18
Q

what is the myometrium made up of

A

smooth muscle, collagen, elastic fibres

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19
Q

what layers are the endometrium split into

A

stratum functionalis

stratum basalis

20
Q

describe the proliferative phase of the endometrium

A

stratum basalis proliferates glands, stroma, vasculature and increases thickness of endometrium by reconstituting stratum functionalis
proliferation due to oestrofen

21
Q

what epithelia lines endometrial glands

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelia

22
Q

what is the secretory ohase of the endometrium

A

glands become more coiled and tortuous and secrete glycogen

become much more proliferated due to progesterone

23
Q

describe how the menstrual phase sheds the straum functionalis

A

loss of progesterone and oestrogen leads to arteriole constriction and ischaemia of stratum functionalis
leads to tissue breakdown and menstruation

24
Q

histology of cervix?

A

mostly stratified squamous and transitions at transition zone to mucus secreting simple columnar

25
Q

what are the endocervical glands

A

glands produced by simple columnar epithelia at transition zone and above
can be thin and watery in proliferative phase or thick following ovulation

26
Q

true/false - the walls of vagina are dense with glands for lubrication

A

false - there are no glands in the vagina and lubrication comes from thin walled lamina propria and cervical glands

27
Q

3 layers of vagina histology?

A

non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelia
lamina propria
fibromuscular layer with inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle

28
Q

histology of mons pubis

A

skin with highly oblique hair follicles

oberlying subcut fat pad on pubic symphysis

29
Q

histology of labia majora

A

extension of mons pubis, rich apocrine and sebaceous glands and small bundle smooth muscle

30
Q

histology of labia minora

A

thin skin folds with lack of subcut fat and follicles
rich vasculature and sebaceous glands
keratinised epithelia until hymen level of vagina where there is transition

31
Q

histology of clitoris

A

erectile vascular tissue (corpus cavernosa) with fibrocollagenous sheath covered by skin and right innervation

32
Q

how many lobes does the breast have

A

15-25

33
Q

in addition to lobes of the breast, what other tissues make it up

A

adipose

fibrous tissue

34
Q

what are suspensory ligaments

A

thickened areas of fibrous tissue maintaining suspension of the breast
mainly in upper portion

35
Q

what is a terminal duct lobular unit

A

basic functional unit
lead to intralobular collecting duct leading to lactiferous duct
leads to nipple after passing through lactiferous sinus

36
Q

what cells surround the breast lobule

A

secretory epithelial cells from cuboidal to columnar

myoepithelial cells, surrounded by basal lamina

37
Q

what cells surround the duct of the TDLU

A

stratified cuboidal

38
Q

changes in mammary gland in luteal phase menstrual cycle

A

epithelial cells increase in height
lamina of ducts enlarge
small secretions in ducts

39
Q

changes in mammary gland in first trimester pregnancy

A

elongation of smaller ducts

proliferation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells lining glands

40
Q

changes in mammary gland in 2nd trimester pregnancy

A

glandular tissue develops more

plasma cells and lymphocytes infiltrate tissue

41
Q

changes in mammary gland in 3rd trimester pregnancy

A

secretory alveoli continue to mature

42
Q

changes in mammary gland in menopause

A

secretory cells of TDLU degenerate to leave only ducts
fewer fibroblasts, collagen, elastic fibres
increased fat

43
Q

effect of oestrogen and progesterone on breast tissue

A

proliferation of glandular tissue, reduced fat and connective tissue

44
Q

arterial supply to breast

A

lateral mammary from lateral thoracic

medial mammary from internal thoracic

45
Q

venous drainage from breast

A

lateral mammary to lateral thoracic

medial mammary to internal thoracic vein

46
Q

components of breastmilk

A 
water
protein 
carbobydrate
lipids
IgA
47
Q

describe the types of secretion that make up breast milk

A

lipid by apocrine

milk by merocrine

MB3 Obstetrics and Gynaecology (12 decks)

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