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Basic Histology > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

When referring to skeletal muscle cells, what does the term syncytial infer about the cell?

A

It is multinucleated

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2
Q

Why are nuclei found at the periphery of skeletal muscle cells?

A

The cytoskeleton pushes them to the cell peripheries

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3
Q

The bundles muscle fibres are grouped into are called what?

A

Fascicles

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4
Q

What is the term given to connective tissue around the muscle as a whole?

A

Epimysium

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5
Q

What is the term given to connective tissue around the individual fascicles?

A

Perimysium

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6
Q

What is the term given to connective tissue around a single muscle fibre?

A

Endomysium

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7
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

A single motor neurone and all of the muscle fibres it innervates

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8
Q

By definition a sarcomere extends between which consectutive points?

A

Between consecutive Z-lines

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9
Q

What are the types of skeletal muscle?

A
  1. Type I
  2. Type IIa
  3. Type IIb
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10
Q

What is type I muscle?

A
  • Slow fibres
  • Rely on oxidative metabolism
  • Abdundant mitochondria and myoglobin
  • Resistant to fatigue
  • Produce less force
  • Red in colour
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11
Q

What is type IIa muscle?

A
  • Relatively fast
  • Relatively resistant to fatigue
  • Relatively uncommon
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12
Q

What is type IIb muscle?

A
  • Fast
  • Depend on anaerobic metabolism
  • Few mitochondria and myoglobin
  • Fatigue easily
  • Produce more force
  • White in colour
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13
Q

How are chondrocytes nourished?

A

Diffusion from the extracellular matrix

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14
Q

What is the space within the extracellular matrix that chondrocytes reside?

A

Lacuna

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15
Q

What are chondrocytes responsible for secreting and maintaining?

A

The extracellular matirx around them

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16
Q

What is the extracellular matrix comprised of?

A
  • Water (75%)
  • Type II collagen
  • Proteoglycan aggregates
17
Q

What are the three type of cartilage?

A
  1. Hyaline cartilage
  2. Fibrocartiliage
  3. Elastic cartilage
18
Q

What is the most common form of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage

19
Q

By looking at a transverse section of a bone, two main bone types can be identified. What are these?

A
  1. Cortical bone (dense outer shell)
  2. Trabecular (cancellous) bone (fine inner meshwork)
20
Q

What is the term given to cylindrical structures within bone composed of coincentric laminae?

A

Osteon

21
Q

What are Volkmann’s canals?

A

Small channels in the bone that transmit blood vessels from the periosteum into the bone. They transmit blood between osteons

22
Q

What are Haversion canals?

A

Small blood vessels within osteons and bone. They are interconnected by Volkmann’s canals

23
Q

Which cells are responsible for bone resorption?

A

Osteoclasts

24
Q

What are the bone forming cells?

A

Osteoblasts

25
Q

What is the name given to a cell used to form bone that becomes trapped within the bone matrix?

A

Osteocytes

Basic Histology (2 decks)

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