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ANAT261 > Histological Methods > Flashcards

Histological Methods Flashcards

1
Q

Classify skin and its tissue type

A

organ; epithelial + conn.

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2
Q

Classify fascia and its tissue type

A

tissue; connective

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3
Q

Classify tendons and its tissue type

A

dense, regular conn. tissue; connective

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4
Q

Classify aponeurosis and its tissue type

A

tissue; connective

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5
Q

Classify bone and its tissue type

A

organ/tissue; variety of connective

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6
Q

Classify blood vessels and its tissue type

A

organ/tissue; epithelial/connective/muscular

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7
Q

Classify nerves and its tissue type

A

tissue/organ/system; nervous

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8
Q

Classify muscle and its tissue type

A

organ/tissue; muscular

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9
Q

What is a plain of section

A
  • the part of the specimen you’re looking at
  • how 3D structures may appear when thin sectioned in different ways
  • essentially different point of views of the same structure
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10
Q

What is the resolution power of an electron microscope

A

200nm

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11
Q

1cm= (mm)

A

10

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12
Q

1mm=(micrometres)

A

1000

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13
Q

1micrometre=(nm)

A

1000

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14
Q

1nm=(A)

A

10

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15
Q

Which methods of fixation are used in light microscopy

A

perfusion, immersion

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16
Q

Which methods of fixation are used in e microscopy

A

perfusion

17
Q

What is perfusion

A

pumping fixatives into blood supply of animal to freeze tissues
*faster than immersion

18
Q

What is immersion

A

anesthetizing the animal, taking a specific organ, plopping it into fix which penetrates it and freezes the tissue

19
Q

Which fixatives are used in light microscopy

A
  • formalin
  • mercuric chloride
  • picric acid
  • Bouin’s Fluid
20
Q

Which fixative is used in e microscopy

A

glutaraldehyde

21
Q

Why is perfusion preferable in e microscopy

A

since we’re looking at finer details we need to fixate the specimen faster

22
Q

List the 11 steps of preparing a slide in terms of light microscopy

A
  1. fixation
  2. dehydration (using increasing concentrations of ethanol to get rid of water)
  3. clearing (xylene-paraffin solvent to get rid of ethanol)
  4. infiltration (mixing xylene with paraffin wax to make substance more liquidy)
  5. embedding (100% paraffin, wax block)
  6. sectioning (microtome, slice = 5 microns)
  7. mounting(glass slide)
  8. removal of paraffin(using xylene)
  9. rehydration(using ethanol, decreasing concentrations, get back to H2O)
  10. staining (hematoxylin/eosin)
  11. light microscopy
23
Q

Why do we use increasing concentrations of ethanol to remove water instead of using 100% right away

A

osmotic pressure would be too high, causing tissue to burst

24
Q

List the steps of preparing a slide in terms of electron microscopy

A
  1. fixation
  2. dehydration (same as light)
  3. clearing(propelyne glycol-epoxy solvent to get rid of ethanol)
  4. infilitration(propelyne glycol and plastic)
  5. embedding(100% plastic block)
  6. sectioning(ultramicrotome, slice =5nm)
  7. mounting(metal grid)
  8. staining(lead citrate &/or histochemical rxns)
  9. transmission electron microscopy
25
Q

Why does e microscopy use plastic

A

it’s harder so we can make thinner slices, e are shot at it and it won’t show up in the images

26
Q

What is hematoxylin

A

stain used in light microscopy, basic, blue/purple, stains nucleus and acidic structures

27
Q

What is eosin

A

stain used in light microscopy, acidic, pink, stains cytoplasm+collagen

28
Q

What are characteristics of lead citrate

A

stain used in e microscopy, no specific colour, sticks to proteins, stains membranes with various affinity, doesn’t stain cytoplasm

29
Q

What are basophilic structures

A

those containing nucleic acids like ribosomes and the nucleus and regions in cytoplasm that are rich in RNA

30
Q

What are acidophilic (eosinophilic) structures

A

intra/extracellular protein, most of cytoplasm

31
Q

Do structures have to be acidic or basic to be named basophilic or acidophilic

A

no, naming is based on affinity to dyes

32
Q

What is an electron lucent structure

A

a “light space” that is created when electrons pass through the grid/slide/specimen and don’t hit anything

33
Q

What is an electron dense structure

A

a dark space created from electrons hitting off the lead citrate and bouncing away

34
Q

What is the magnification of a light microscope

A

1000x

35
Q

What is the magnification of an electron microscope

A

160 000x

ANAT261 (2 decks)

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