Histo: Systemic Disease Flashcards
What can JCV infection in HIV positive patients lead to?
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
What is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV positive patients?
CMV
Which herpes virus causes kaposi sarcoma?
HHV8
What is the main histological finding in sarcoidosis?
Non-caseating granulomas
How does end-stage sarcoidosis appear on CXR?
‘Honeycomb’ lung
What is a granuloma made up of?
Lymphoid cells and giant cells (activated macrophages)
What colour does IgG4 stain when positive?
Brown
Recall 3 diseases caused by IgG4 inflammation
Riedel thyroiditis
Autoimmune pancreatitis
Inflammatory pseudotumours
What is the structure of amyloid?
Beta pleated sheet that forms non-branching fibrils
What is the cause of AA amyloidosis?
What is the cause of AL amyloidosis?
AA: Derived from serum Amyloid A protein - produced in chronic inflammation
AL: Derived from light chain component of immunoglobulins
Which conditions are particularly implicated in the development of AA amyloidosis?
Crohn’s
Rheumatoid arthritis
What conditions can cause AL amyloidosis?
Myeloma
B cell neoplasms
What is the link between transthyretin and amyloidosis?
Transthyretin mutation leads to misfolding of the protein -> can lead to cardiac amyloid deposition
What stain can be used for amyloid?
Congo red - gives green birefringence under polarised light
What does amyloid always contain?
P-component
