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histo quiz 7 > Histo Quiz 7 > Flashcards

Histo Quiz 7 Flashcards

1
Q

How does aldosterone concentrate the urine?

A

By acting on the Collecting duct to pull out

H2O & Na+

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2
Q

Proliferative phase in the uterus corresponds to the _________ phase in the ovary

A

follicular

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3
Q

Loss of WNT1 can lead to what?

A

childhood kidney tumors

(“Wilms tumors”)

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4
Q

Development of the Kidney

Mesenchyme to epithelium conversion

  • Compare before/after induction
A

Before induction: CT matrix (Type I & III collagen, fibronectin)

After induction: Epithelial matrix (Type IV collagen & laminin)

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5
Q

Theca interna cells produce ________ upon stimulation by ___

A

produce androstenedione

upon stimulation by LH

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6
Q

What does the PROSTATE form by?

What (hormone) is it formed under the influence of?

A

The pelvic urethra

Under the influence of Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

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7
Q

What is the corona radiata?

A

oocyte + granulosa cells that surround it

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8
Q

What phase is the uterus in?
what days does it correspond to?

A

secretory phase (early on top, late on bottom)

days 14-28

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9
Q

What secretes Proteins from milk?

A

Merocrine secretions

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10
Q

In the last trimester of pregnancy, what happens to the cytotrophoblastic cells?

A

They become incorporated into the syncotrophoblastic layer that now cover the villus

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11
Q

The mesonephric duct enters the UG sinus and the ureteric bud is a/n….?

A

outgrowth of the mesonephric duct

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12
Q

Oxytocin stimulates ____ _______ by inducing ______ of __________ cells

A

Oxytocin stimulates milk ejection by inducing contraction of myoepithelial cells

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13
Q

In which “pars” are interLOBULAR arteries located?

What does the interlobular artery give rise to?

A

Pars convoluta

gives rise to afferent arterioles

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14
Q

What are the seminal vesicles formed from?

What hormone do they need?

A

Formed by budding of the Ductus Duferens…

…which comes from the Mesonephric duct

Need Testosterone

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15
Q

What in the kidney arises from the Ureteric bud?

A

Collecting Duct

Ureter

Major/Minor Calyces

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16
Q

The primordial follicle consists of?

A

the oocyte surrounded by follicle (granulosa) cells that are

simple squamous in appearance

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17
Q

Growth of the follicle into the secondary stage is dependent on what 4 things?

A

FSH

epidermal GF

Insulin-like GF (IGF-1)

Calcium ions

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18
Q

As the mesonephric duct empties into the bladder, part of it gets incorporated into the bladder wall, and becomes what?

A

The trigone of the bladder

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19
Q

What is occurring here?

A

Gas, waste, and nutrient exchange occur through all these elements

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20
Q

What do you need for germ cell maturation?

A

Sex cords

(NO sex cords = NO germ cell maturation)

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21
Q

Estradiol is produced by an interaction b/t what 2 things?

A

granulosa cells + theca interna cells

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22
Q

Whats the path of sperm as it moves from the seminiferous tubule?

A

Rete testes → Efferent ductules → epididymis→ vas deferens → ejaculatory duct

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23
Q

Fusion of the Syncytiotrophoblast (inner layer) & Cytotrophoblast (outer layer) results in what structure?

A

Syncytium (i.e. has no cell boundaries)

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24
Q

Development of External Genitalia:

In the presence of DHT, what develops from the Labioscrotal fold in males?

What develops in females when no DHT is present?

A

Males: Scrotum

Females: Labia MAJORA

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25
Q

Mesenchyme differentiates into what?

A

the nephron

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26
Q

Follicular phase in ovary corresponds to what phase in the uterus?

A

proliferative/estrogenic phase

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27
Q

What does NOT form from the Mesonephric duct?

A

The Prostate!!!

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28
Q

What is testosterone required for during puberty?

A

for initiation of sperm production, accessory gland secretion and development of secondary sex characteristics

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29
Q

Kidney development is an excellent example of what?

A

Mesenchymal –> Epithelial

interactions & conversions

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30
Q

What of the kidney arises from the

Metanephros (“Metanephric mesenchyme”) ?

A

PCT

TLH (thin loop of henle)

DCT

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31
Q

What is testosterone required for during embryonic development?

A

for normal development of the gonads in the male fetus

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32
Q

What is the Cytotrophoblast?

A

The outer cell layer of the placental villus; its cells divide and contribute to the Syncytiotrophoblast

33
Q

The primary follicle consists of?

A

the oocyte surrounded by follicle (granulosa cells) that are

simple cuboidal in apprearance

34
Q

How do diabetics get proteinuria?

A

Filtration barrier of glomerulus in kidney is altered

Proteins can now pass through and get into urinary space

35
Q

Metanephrogenic mesenchyme forms in what part of the mesoderm?

A

posterior intermediate mesoderm

36
Q

What releases Fat (e.g. triglycerides, CHO) and a little bit of plasma membrane from milk?

A

by Apocrine secretion

(a protein member of the perilipin family)

37
Q

The “Excurrent Ducts” include what 4 things?

What do they arise in response to?

A

EFFERENT DUCTULES

EPIDIDYMIS

VAS DEFERENS

EJACULATORY DUCTS

ARISE AFTER DEVELOPMENT OF LEYDIG CELLS WHICH PRODUCE TESTOSTERONE.

38
Q

What can Angiotensin II act DIRECTLY on?

what does this cause?

A

The PCT cells

to reabsorb more water

39
Q

WNT1 is important in the formation of?

A

kidneys & gonads

(and other mesenchymal tissues)

40
Q

What is the cumulus oophorus?

A

the oocyte + corona radiata + underlying granulosa cells

41
Q

What is the “vascular pole?”

A

Where the afferent & efferent arterioles leave

42
Q

What all does the Pars convoluta contain?

A

Renal corpulcule

PCT

DCT

Arched Collecting Duct

43
Q

In the kidney, what detects low blood pressure?

A

Arterioles

44
Q

Sex Cords

  • Surround what?
  • Become what in males and females?
A
  • Surround the germ cells
  • Become:
    • In females:
      • Ovarian follicles
    • In males:
      • Sertoli cells (of the germinal epithelium of the seminiferous tubules)
45
Q

What phase is this?

what days in the menstrual cycle does this correspond to?

A
46
Q

What is testosterone required for during adulthood?

A

for maintenance of spermatogenesis, secondary sex characteristics and excurrent and accessory gland function

47
Q

What develops from the Mesonephric duct in males?

Hint: SEVE

A

Seminal Vesicle

Efferent ductules

Vas deferens

Epididymis

48
Q

Development of External Genitalia:

In the presence of DHT, what develops from the Urethral (cloacal) fold in males?

What develops in females when no DHT is present?

A

Males: Penis

Females: Labia MINORA

49
Q

Prolactin stimulates what?

A

Milk PRODUCTION

50
Q

In the kidney, what detects low sodium levels?

A

macula densa

51
Q
A
52
Q

Metanephrogenic mesenchyme induces WHAT from WHAT?

A

induces ureteric bud from mesonephric duct

53
Q

Development of External Genitalia:

In the presence of DHT, what develops from the Definitive UG sinus in males?

What develops in females when no DHT is present?

A

Males: Penile urethra

Females: Vestibule of the vagina

54
Q

What does Renin convert?

A

converts angiotensinogen (in liver) into

Angiotensin I

55
Q

What are 2 ways you know this is a LATE placenta?

A
  1. Syncytiotrophoblasts ONLY! (cytotrophoblasts have fused)
  2. NON-nucleated Fetal RBCs
56
Q

Sex cords have what 2 regions?

After ? weeks, how do the develop differently in males and females?

A

Medullary Region & Cortical Region

After 6 weeks:

In females:

  • Surface epithelium develops –> Ovary forms

In males:

  • Medulla develops –> Testis cords develop –> Testis form
57
Q

List the blood supply to the kidney in order

A

Renal Arteries

Interlobar Arteries

Arcuate Arteries

Interlobular Arteries

Afferent Arterioles

Glomerular capillary bed

Efferent Arterioles

58
Q

In the kidney, what secretes Renin?

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

59
Q

What all does the Pars radiata contain?

A

Henle’s loop (asc & desc thick & thin segments)

Collecting Duct

60
Q

Granulosa cells take androstenedione and aromatize it to ______ upon stimulation by ___

A

aromatize androstenedione to ESTRADIOL

upon stimulation by FSH

61
Q

What makes FSH?

A

Basophils of the pars distalis (pituitary)

62
Q

Spermatagonial phase = ?

A

Spermatagonia undergoes Mitosis

63
Q

What are 2 ways you know this is an EARLY placenta?

A
  1. Presence of syncytiotrophoblasts & cytotrophoblasts
  2. NUCLEATED fetal RBC’s
  • Are only nucleated early in development
  • Lost nuclei in 2nd/3rd trimester
64
Q

Development of External Genitalia:

What develops from the Genital tubercle in males and females?

A

Males: Glands & Shaft of the Penis

Females: Glans and shaft of Clitoris

65
Q

Functions of corpus luteum = ?

A

produce progesterone & estradiol

66
Q

What part of the adrenal (and what zona) does Angiotensin II stimulate, and to produce what hormone?

A

stimulates zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex

to secrete aldosterone

67
Q

During the first trimester (i.e. EARLY phase) , the villi of the placenta are covered by what 2 cell layers?

A

Syncytiotrophoblast (inner layer) & Cytotrophoblast (outer layer)

68
Q

During the follicular phase, the levels of what hormone increase?

A

Estrogen

69
Q

Ureteric bud induces the overlying mesenchyme to do what?

A

to condense around buds

70
Q

Upon penetration of the sperm the oocyte resumes what process?

What causes it to do so?

A

oocyte resumes Meiosis II

as a result of calcium oscillation brought about by PLCT

71
Q

During the last trimester of pregnancy, what happens to the basement membrane of the syncotrophoblastic layer?

A

Fuses with the BM of the endothelial cells of the fetal capillary

72
Q

Luteal phase in the ovary corresponds to what phase in the uterus?

A

secretory/progesteronic phase

73
Q

What cells produce testosterone?

A

Leydig cells

74
Q

What is the “urinary pole?”

A

Where urine leaves urinary space and enters PCT

75
Q

The Mesonephric duct is functional between ___and___ weeks

A

6 and 10

76
Q

What’s found in the intervillus space?

A

Maternal blood

77
Q

What do 2 types of capillary beds do Efferent arterioles empty into?

A

Efferent arterioles give rise to:

  • Peritubular capillary plexus (if from cortical glomeruli)
    • This capillary bed is good at reabsorbing water
  • Vasa recta (if from juxtaglomerula glomeruli)
    • Part of counter-current mechanism
78
Q

What do the Mullerian ducts become in the female?

Hint: CUVU

A

Cervix

Uterine tubes

Upper 1/3 of the vagina

Uterus

79
Q

What induces FURTHER branching of the ureteric bud?

A

The Nephron

histo quiz 7 (2 decks)

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