Histo/Path of Liver and Gallbladder Flashcards
Hepatic lobules describe the flow of ____
Blood
What type of epithelium lines the bile ductules
Cuboidal to columnar epithelium
3 things in the portal triad
Hepatic artery proper
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic duct
Stellate cells
Store vitamin A in lipid droplets
Maintain space of Disse
~fibroblasts (help with wound healing)
Kupffer cells
Derived from monocytes
Form part of sinusoidal wall
Cirrhosis
End stage liver disease with extensive fibrosis Inflammatory cells in portal tracts Regenerative nodules Decreased hepatic function Impaired blood flow Can lead to portal HTN
3 things in a portal tract
Hepatic portal venule
Hepatic arteriole
Bile ductule
2 functional surfaces of hepatocytes
Sinusoidal (absorptive)
Canalicular (secretory)
3 portacaval anastomoses
Esophageal varices
Caput medusae
Hemorrhoids
Functions of the liver
Bile production and excretion Excretion of bilirubin, drugs, cholesterol, hormones Metabolism Enzyme activation Storage (glycogen, vitamins, minerals) Synthesis (plasma proteins)
Cholestasis
Decreased bile flow
Cholangitis
Inflammation of bile duct
Ex: ascending cholangitis is a bacterial infection ascending up the biliary tract
Transudate vs exudate
Transudate: imbalance of starling forces across vessel walls - can get edema
Exudate: inflammation - cells and proteins in the fluid
Causes of
1. Acute
2. Chronic
liver disease
- Viral, alcohol, drugs
2. Alcohol, viral, drugs, immune, metabolic
Hepatitis D
Parenteral, possibly sexual transmission
Requires coinfection with HBV
More aggressive than HBV alone