Histo/Path of Liver and Gallbladder Flashcards

1
Q

Hepatic lobules describe the flow of ____

A

Blood

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2
Q

What type of epithelium lines the bile ductules

A

Cuboidal to columnar epithelium

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3
Q

3 things in the portal triad

A

Hepatic artery proper
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic duct

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4
Q

Stellate cells

A

Store vitamin A in lipid droplets
Maintain space of Disse
~fibroblasts (help with wound healing)

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5
Q

Kupffer cells

A

Derived from monocytes

Form part of sinusoidal wall

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6
Q

Cirrhosis

A
End stage liver disease with extensive fibrosis
Inflammatory cells in portal tracts
Regenerative nodules
Decreased hepatic function
Impaired blood flow
Can lead to portal HTN
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7
Q

3 things in a portal tract

A

Hepatic portal venule
Hepatic arteriole
Bile ductule

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8
Q

2 functional surfaces of hepatocytes

A

Sinusoidal (absorptive)

Canalicular (secretory)

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9
Q

3 portacaval anastomoses

A

Esophageal varices
Caput medusae
Hemorrhoids

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10
Q

Functions of the liver

A
Bile production and excretion
Excretion of bilirubin, drugs, cholesterol, hormones
Metabolism
Enzyme activation
Storage (glycogen, vitamins, minerals)
Synthesis (plasma proteins)
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11
Q

Cholestasis

A

Decreased bile flow

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12
Q

Cholangitis

A

Inflammation of bile duct

Ex: ascending cholangitis is a bacterial infection ascending up the biliary tract

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13
Q

Transudate vs exudate

A

Transudate: imbalance of starling forces across vessel walls - can get edema
Exudate: inflammation - cells and proteins in the fluid

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14
Q

Causes of
1. Acute
2. Chronic
liver disease

A
  1. Viral, alcohol, drugs

2. Alcohol, viral, drugs, immune, metabolic

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15
Q

Hepatitis D

A

Parenteral, possibly sexual transmission
Requires coinfection with HBV
More aggressive than HBV alone

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16
Q

Hepatitis E

A

Fecal oral transmission

No chronic state or vaccine

17
Q

Fatty liver disease

A
Enlarged, fatty, yellow liver
Steatosis on biopsy
Few if any symptoms
All chronic EtOH use
Can also be caused by metabolic syndrome
18
Q

Steatohepatitis

A

Steatosis + acute inflammation and fibrosis
Fever, leukocytosis, abN liver tests
Alcohol or non alcohol steatohepatitis

19
Q

Primary biliary cholangitis

A

Autoimmune destruction of intrahepatic bile ductules