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Bio181 > Histo/Ossification > Flashcards

Histo/Ossification Flashcards

1
Q

3 Types of Fibrous Joints

A
  1. Sutures: made of dense connective tissue ex) squamous suture.
  2. Syndesmosis: ligamentous ex) distal tib fib
  3. Gomphosis: ligamentous ex) tooth in socket
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2
Q

2 Type of Cartilaginous Joint

A
  1. Synchondrosis: hyaline cartilage ex) epiphyseal plates

2. Symphysis: fribrocartilage ex) intercalated discs and pubic symphysis

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3
Q

6 Types of Synovial Joints

A
  1. Hinge: most common ex) elbow
  2. Plane: gliding joint ex) Carpals of the wrist
  3. Pivot: ex) proximal radio ulnar joint
  4. Condylar: Condyle and fossa ex) metacarpals and phalanges
  5. Saddle: ex) thumb joint
  6. Ball in Socket: ex) shoulder/hip joints
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4
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Sutures, syndesmosis, gomphosis, and synchondrosis.

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5
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Symphysis

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6
Q

Diarthrosis

A

All synovial joints.

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7
Q

Subdivisions of the Abdominal Cavity

A 
Top right: right hypochondriac region
Top middle: Epigastric region
Top left: Left hypochondriac region
Middle right: right lumbar region
Middle: umbilical region
Middle left: left lumbar region
Bottom right: right iliac (inguinal) region
Bottom middle: hypogastric region
Bottom left: left iliac (inguinal) region
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8
Q

Rough ER

A

Synthesis and packaging of proteins

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9
Q

Smooth ER

A

Synthesis and packaging of lipids

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10
Q

Golgi Body

A

Synthesis and packaging of carbs

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11
Q

Mucous Production

A
  1. mucopolysaccaride is synthesized in the rough ER
  2. transported to the Golgi
  3. Golgi packages it secretory vesicles
  4. vesicles fuse with membrane and enter lumen by exocytosis
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12
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A
  1. covers external/internal body surfaces, tissues or glands
  2. anchored to connective tissue
  3. lacks blood vessels
  4. reproduces readily and heals rapidly
  5. tightly packed
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13
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A
  • alveoli and endothelium (simple diffusion)

- Flat coin shaped cells

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14
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A
  • protective when keratinized in the epidermis

- found also in the lining of the mouth, vagina, anus,

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15
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A

-found in the kidney tubules and glandular epithelium

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16
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

A
  • usually only two layers

- mammary glands and parotid salivary glands

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17
Q

Simple Columnar Epitelium

A
  • has goblet cells

- lines gut, respiratory tract, and oviducts

18
Q

Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium

A
  • appears to be two layers but only one
  • found in the trachea, bronchi
  • ciliated
19
Q

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

A
  • uncommon

- urethral lining in male and pharynx

20
Q

Transitional epithelium

A
  • stratified
  • cells vary
  • urinary bladder, ureter, and urethra (can stretch considerably)
21
Q

CT

A

Much matrix few cells

22
Q

Fibroblast

A
  • basic cells of CT

- produces fibers by secreting proteins into matrix

23
Q

Macrophage

A
  • carries out phagocytosis

- clears out foreign particles from tissues

24
Q

Mast Cell

A

Releases histamine (allergic reaction, inflammation), and heparin (prevents clots)

25
Q

CT fibers

A

Collagen: thick, grouped in long parallel bundles, found in dense CT, “white fibers”
Elastin: very elastic, easily stretched, “yellow fibers”
Reticular Fibers: very thin

26
Q

Non Rigid, General: Loose Areolar CT

A
  • found in the papillary layer of the dermis

- connects skin to underlying muscle

27
Q

Non Rigid, General: Dense Regular (Fibrous) CT

A
  • found in tendons and ligaments
  • parallel collagen and some elastin fibers
  • poor blood supply, slow to heal
28
Q

Non Rigid, General: Dense Irregular CT

A
  • reticular layer of the dermis

- irregularily arranged collagen fibers

29
Q

Non Rigid, General: Elastic CT

A
  • blood vessel walls

- Can lose elasticity with age, circulation efficiency drops bp rises

30
Q

Non Rigid, Specialized: Adipose CT

A
  • made from adipocytes
  • insulates, padding
  • found around heart, behind eye, hypodermis
31
Q

Non Rigid, Specialized: Blood CT

A

-erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes and plasma

32
Q

Rigid, Bone CT: Compact Bone

A

haversian systems ( DRAW )

33
Q

Rigid, Bone CT: Spongy Bone

A
  • made of spikey trabeculae

- found at the ends of long bones

34
Q

Rigid, Cartilage CT: Hyaline

A
  • most common in the body

- found in epiphyseal plates, nose, larynx, trachea, articular cartilage at the ends of long bones

35
Q

Rigid, Cartilage CT: Fibrocartilage

A
  • intervertebral discs, knee menisci, pubic symphysis

- lacunae and chondrocytes in rows

36
Q

Rigid, Cartilage CT: Elastic

A
  • external ear, epiglottis

- largest lacunae

37
Q

Smooth Muscle

A
  • Involuntary without striations
  • assoc with internal organs and respiratory tract
  • fusiform (spindle) shaped cells
  • single central nucleus
38
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A
  • Involuntary with indistinct striations
  • Branched cells with intercalated discs
  • single central nucleus
  • Only in the heart
39
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A
  • Voluntary with distinct striations
  • cylindrical shape
  • multiple peripheral nuclei
  • associated with muscles resulting in body movement
40
Q

Serous Membrane

A
  • wet
  • simple squamous on loose areolar CT
    1. visceral and parietal peritoneal membranes (around abdominal organs)
    2. visceral and parietal pleural membranes ( around lungs)
    3. visceral and parietal pericardial membranes (around the heart)
41
Q

Synovial Membrane

A
  • dry
  • assoc with joints
  • fibrous ct, areolar ct and adipose
42
Q

Mucous Membrane

A
  • epithelium (non keratinized stratified squamous and areolar ct)
  • lines body cavities that open to exterior (sinuses, mouth) and passages leading to and from them
  • Continuous with skin near openings

Bio181 (4 decks)

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