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Block 3 Week 3 Dani > Histo of Intestinal Tract > Flashcards

Histo of Intestinal Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three regions of the small intestine?

A

duodenum, jejunum, illeum

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2
Q

Whenever you are at a point exposed to the outside you most likely have what kind of epithelium?

A

keritinzed squamos epithelium

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3
Q

What is 21-25 feet long?

A

the small intestine

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4
Q

What is the principle site of digestion of food?

A

small intestine

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5
Q

Where do you have most of the absorption of products of digestions?

A

small intestine

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6
Q

Is the first portion of the duodenum peritoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

peritoneal

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7
Q

Is the 2nd 3rd and 4th portion of the duodenum peritoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

retroperitoneal

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8
Q

What are some gross aspects of the small intestine?

A

Mesentary
Plicae Circulares
Vasa Recta

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9
Q

Describe the layers of the small intestine

A

Mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa (ICOL)
serosa/Adventitia

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10
Q

The (blank) is a band of smooth muscle extending from the junction of the duodenum and jejunum to the left crus of the diaphragm and functioning as a suspensory ligament

A

ligament of trites

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11
Q

The (blank) of plicae drop from the jejunum to the ilium

A

height

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12
Q

If it has a mesentary and mesocolon it has to be (blank).

A

periotoneal

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13
Q

The (blank) slow the passage of the food along the intestines, and afford an increased surface for absorption.

A

plicae

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14
Q

The (blank) of the jejunum are long and few, compared to the ileum where they are numerous and short.

A

vasa recta

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15
Q

Plicae are covered with small fingerlike projections called (blank). Each of these, in turn, is covered with (blank).

A

villi

microvilli.

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16
Q

What does the microvilli of the plicae do?

A

The microvilli absorb fats and nutrients from the chyme.

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17
Q

Why does the small intestine have plicae, intestinal villi, and microvilli?

A

to increase surface area

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18
Q

What increases the surface area the most in the small intestine?

A

microvilli

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19
Q

(blank) are permanent spiral folds of mucosa and submucosa in distal duodenum, jejunum, and proximal ileum

A

plicae circulares

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20
Q

Intestinal villi increase surface area by a factor of (blank)

A

10

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21
Q

(blank) are folds of the mucosa projecting into the lumen. Villi increase the absorptive surface of the mucosa.

A

villi

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22
Q

Where do you find the crypts of lieberkuhn of the small intestine?

A

lamina propria

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23
Q

What kind of epithelium does the small intestine have?

A

simple columnar epithelium

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24
Q

What are the 6 types of cells you will find in the Mucosa of the small intestine?

A 
enterocytes  (surface absorptive cells)
Goblet cells
M cells
Stem cells
Paneth cells
enteroendocrine cells
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25
Q

What are the surface absorptive cells of the Small intestine mucosa?

A

Enterocytes

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26
Q

What are specialized for transport of substances from intestinal lumen into circulatory system?

A

Enterocytes

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27
Q

What type of cell of the small intestine have microvilli on them?

A

enterocytes

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28
Q

How do enterocytes seal off intercellular space from intestinal lumen?

A

intercellular junctions

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29
Q

What do goblet cells secrete?

A

mucinogen

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30
Q

Why does mucinogen get converted to mucous?

A

for protection

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31
Q

What type of cells are Modified enterocytes?

A

M cells

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32
Q

What do M cells do?

A

they are antigen presenting cells that cover lymphatic nodules

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33
Q

Where do we find lymphatic nodules?

A

in the LP

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34
Q

What do they enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine produce?

A

same kinds of peptide hormones as the enteroendocrine cells of stomach (CCK, somatostatin, motilin, VIP)

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35
Q

WHat do paneth cells secrete?

A

antibacterial lysozyme

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36
Q

Where do we primarily find paneth cells?

A

in distal ileum

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37
Q

What does paneth cells regulate?

A

normal intestinal flora

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38
Q

What do stem cells do?

A

restore epithelium every 5-6 days

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39
Q

How often do paneth cells regenerate?

A

every 4 weeks

40
Q

What cells of the mucosa of SI are highly eosinophilic?

A

Paneth cells!

41
Q

Where will you find stem cells?

A

down into the neck of crypt of leiberkuhn/ intestinal gland

42
Q

What do antimitotic drugs do?

A

cure cancer!

43
Q

Which have a long life, paneth cells or stem cells?

A

paneth cells

44
Q

Where will we find LP?

A

occupies the villi and in between intestinal glands (crypts of liberkuhn)

45
Q

What does the LP contain?

A

CT, lymphoid tissue, villus lacteals, lymphoid nodules, intestinal gland/ crypts of lieberkuhn

46
Q

What are the lymphoid nodules of the ileum otherwise known as?

A

peyer’s patches in the ileum

47
Q

What is the muscularis mucosae of the small intestine made up of?

A

ICOL smooth muscle

48
Q

Where do we find submucosal glands in the GI tract?

A

only in duodenum and esophagus

49
Q

What are the submucosal glands of the duodenum called?

A

Brunner’s glands

50
Q

What do Brunner’s glands do?

A

produce alkaline mucin to neutralize HCL
produces urogastrone that inhibits HCL production
I.e neutralizes acid

51
Q

Why are lacteals important to have in the LP?

A

They are important because no all things can be absorbed into circulatory system (like chylomicrons) so they must be transported via lacteals

52
Q

Where do lymphatic nodules become large?

A

in distal ileum and appendix

53
Q

What do you find in the submucosa?

What do you find b/w the layers of muscle of the muscularis externa?

A

submucosal plexus

myenteric plexus

54
Q

When looking at a cross section, how can you tell you are looking at a crypt?
Villus?

A

It looks like a donut

it looks like a pine tree

55
Q

What are the principle functions of the large intestine?

A

reabsorption of electrolytes and water

elimination of waste

56
Q

What is all considered the large intestine?

A

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoidal, cecum, appendix, colon , rectum, anal canal

57
Q

DOes the large intestine possess special mucosal folds?

A

NO

58
Q

Does the large intestine have villi?

A

no

59
Q

That bacteria in the large intestine produce what vitamins?

A

B12 and Vit K

60
Q

What does Vit b12 function in?

A

hematopoiesis

61
Q

What does Vit K function in?

A

coagulation

62
Q

What produces copious amounts of mucus?

A

large intestine

63
Q

What is the epithelium of the large intestine?

A

simple columnar epithelium

64
Q

What kind of cells do you find numerous amounts of in the large intestine?

A

goblet cells

65
Q

What are the three types of cells found within the large intestine besides endothelial cells?

A

goblet cells
absorptive cells
Some enteroendocrine cells

66
Q

What are in the LP of the large intestine?

A

crypts of LBRKN

GALT

67
Q

Do we have paneth cells or lymphatic vessels in the large intestine?

A

no

68
Q

What do we have instead of lymphatic vessels in the large intestine?

A

we have lymphoid noduls

69
Q

do we have a musclaris mucosa in the small intestine? In the large intestine?

A

yes

yes

70
Q

What is the musclaris mucosae made up of?

A

ICOL

71
Q

What are the components of the muscularis externa of the large intestine?

A

ICOL

tenia coli/ haustra

72
Q

What do we find within the serosa and adventitia of large intestine?

A

appendices epiploicae

73
Q

SInce the appendix has a mesoappendix what does this tell us?

A

it is peritoneal

74
Q

What hangs off of the transverse colon?

A

greater omentum

75
Q

The outter longitudinal muscularis layer have three bands that are called (blank)

A

taeniae coli.

76
Q

HOw can you remember that the large intestine has the haustra, the appendices epiploicae and the taeniae coli?

A

Remeber the large intestine is gross. It is fat (appendices) so it needs to wear pants with an elastic band (taenia coli) and when it wears these pants it has fat roles (haustra) :)

77
Q

Are the goblet cells of the large intestine the same as everyone elses goblet cells?

A

NO the large intestine is gross so its goblet cells are exceptionally disgusting

78
Q

The surface of the colon that is against a pericolic gutter is covered in (blank). Every other part of the AC/DC is covered in (blank).

A

adventitia

serosa

79
Q

What is the sigmoid colon and rectum covered in, serosa or adventitia?

A

adventita

80
Q

What is the transverse colon covered in serosa or adventita?

A

serosa

81
Q

What are the anatomical landmarks of the rectum and anal canal?

A

transverse rectal folds with some crypts

82
Q

What are the three zones of the anal canal?

A

colorectal
transitional
squamos

83
Q

What is the epithlium in the colorectal zone of the anal canal?

A

simple columnar to anal valves (pectinate line)

84
Q

What is the epithelium of the transitional zone?

A

A variety stratified epithelium (distal to anal valves)

85
Q

What is the epithelium of the squamos zone?

A

stratified squamos keratinzed at anus

86
Q

What does the LP of the anal canal have within it?

A

sebaceous glands
LAG
Hair follicles
Large veins

87
Q

What makes up the muscularis mucosa of the anal canal?

A

ICOL which terminates at the anal valves

88
Q

What makes up the submucosa of the anal canal?

A

fibroelastic tissue

89
Q

What makes up the muscularis externa of the anal canal? Which part forms the internal anal sphincter?

A

ICOL

IC

90
Q

What does the adventitia of the anal canal have within it?

A

External anal sphincter

91
Q

What makes up the pecinate line?

A

anal columns and anal bells

92
Q

What is made up of skeletal muscle coming up off of the pelvic floor?

A

External anal sphincter

93
Q

What is the embryological origin above the pectinate line? Below it?

A

endoderm

ectoderm

94
Q

What part, above or below the pectinate line does the anal canal feel pain?

A

below

95
Q

Where does the blood supply come from above the pectinate line? Below?

A

IMA

internal illiac

96
Q

What is the innervation above pectinate line of anal canal?

Below?

A

ANS

somatic

97
Q

What is the venous drainage of the anal canal above pectinate line?
Below?

A

IMV

Internal illiac vein

Block 3 Week 3 Dani (10 decks)

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