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1B-2015 > Histo-Male Repro > Flashcards

Histo-Male Repro Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary sex organs?

A

Testes and ovary

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2
Q

Gonads produce _______ and secrete _________

A

Gametes

Hormones

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3
Q

During what week of development does the gonads appear as a pair of longitudinal ridges?

A

5th week

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4
Q

Gonads appear as longitudinal ridges formed from proliferation of ____________ and condensation of underlying mesenchyme, the __________.

A

Coelomic epithelium

Genital/gonadal ridge

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5
Q

During what week does the primordial germ cells from yolk sac endoderm, invade the genital ridge?

A

6th week

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6
Q

The primitive sex cords are impossible to differentiate in both male and female embryoes.

A

Indifferent gonads.

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7
Q

The gonadal sex is determined by the testis determining factor on the _________.

A

Y chromosome

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8
Q

In a genetically male embryo, the primitive sex cords proliferate to form the _________ or ________.

A

Testes or medullary cord

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9
Q

During development the testis cords lose contact with surface epithelium and will be covered by __________.

A

Tunica albuginea

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10
Q

The testis cords are composed of ___________ and ________.

A

Primitive germ cells

Sertoli cells

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11
Q

The leydig cell is derived from

A

Mesenchyme of gonadal ridge

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12
Q

At what week of development dies the leydig cells start to secrete testosterone?

A

8th week

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13
Q

What hormone induces masculine differentiation of the mesonephric ducts and external genitalia?

A

Testosterone

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14
Q

The sertoli cells secrete what hormone?

A

Mullerian inhibiting substance

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15
Q

The hormone secreted by sertoli cells inhibit the development of _______

A

Paramesonephric ducts

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16
Q

At 7th month, the testes descend at what position?

A

Behind the abdominal position

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17
Q

From 7 months until birth there is progressive shortening of _________ making the testis inside the scrotal sac at birth.

A

Gubarnaculum testis

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18
Q

Capsule that surrounds each testis

A

Tunica albuginea

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19
Q

Fibrous Extensions of the capsule that divide the testis into lobules

A

Septa ( septuli testis)

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20
Q

Each lobule of the testis containd how many seminiferous tubules?

A

1-4 ST

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21
Q

Tightly coiled structures that function as sperm forming factories

A

Seminiferous tubules

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22
Q

These cells found in the testis produce androgens like testosterone.

A

Interstitial cells of leydig

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23
Q

What type of gland is the testis?

A

Compound tubular glands

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24
Q

A pendulous bag of skin with an incomplete layer of dartos muscle.

A

Scrotum

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25
The testis should be maintained at temperatures lower that of body temperature because of...
Spermatogenesis
26
The testes develop _________within th abdominal cavity
Retroperitonially
27
The connection between the processus vaginalis and the peritonial cavity will develop into what layer of the testis?
Tunica vaginalis
28
What aspects of the testes are coated with mesothelium that was once continuous with the peritonial cavity mesothelium.
Anterior and lateral
29
What is the innermost layer of thetesticular capsule?
Tunica vasculosa
30
This layer of the capsule contains network of blood vessels
Tunica vasculosa
31
Seminiferous tubules are ______ cm long and ____ micrometer wide.
60cm | 200microm
32
The coiled seminiferous tubules form complex loops that begin and end at the ______
Mediastinum
33
A thick fibrous connective tissue beneath the mesothelium and forms the mediastinum testis.
Tunica albuginea
34
Part of the mediastinum testis wherein ducts, blood vessels,nerves and lumphatics exits and enter
Hilus
35
Connective tissue trabeculae divide the testis into how many lobules?
Several hundred lobules
36
Each testicular lobule becomes straight tubule called _________ which then anastomose and form network of tubules called _______ that extend as convoluted tubules called _______ ,which passesto the head of the epididymis.
Tubuli recti Rete testis Ductuli efferentes
37
The highly tortuous ductus epididymis forms the _______ and ______ of the epididymis
Body and tail
38
How many ductuli efferentes arise from the rete testis?
2-15
39
The ductus deferens emerges from what part of the epididymis?
Tail of the epididymis
40
A fusiform dilatation at the terminal end of the vas deferens.
Ampulla
41
The ampulla of vas deferens fuses with the excretory duct of seminal vesicle to form the ________.
Ejaculatory duct
42
The ejaculatory duct opens into the ______
Side of prostatic utricle at the prostatic urethra
43
The of the seminiferous tubule is made up of three layers namely;
1. Seminiferous epithelium 2. Basement membrane 3. Capsule
44
What is the lining epithelium of seminiferous tubules?
Complex stratified epithelium
45
The seminiferous epithelium is composed of two types of cell populations, the _______ and _______.
Spermatogenic cells | Supporting/sertoli cells
46
``` The ff are interstitial cells except A. Leydig cells B. Macrophages and lymphocytes C. Fibroblasts D. Sertoli cells ```
D.
47
Tall,slender, elongated cells that have supportive fxn in relation to spermatogenic cells
Sustentacular/sertoli/ supporting cells
48
What cells have the highest supply of of nutrients
Spermatogonia
49
Dividing spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa are nourished by?
Sertoli cells
50
The blood testis barrier is formed by what cells?
Sertoli cells
51
Neighboring sertoli cells are attached by
Occluding junctions
52
What are the two compartment of te seminiferous tubule?
Basal compartment | Adluminal compartment
53
What comprises the basal compartment?
Interstitial space | Spaces occupied by spermatogonia
54
The tubule lumen and the intercellular spaces are known as the
Adluminal compartment
55
E entire sequence of events wherein spermatogonia are transformed into spermatozoa.
Spermatogenesis
56
The production of sperm cells begins at ______
Puberty
57
The spermatogonia division is modified to produce a stem cell and a primary spermatocyte by what hormone?
FSH
58
Spermatogenesis takes how many days?
64-72 days
59
A process wherein spermatogonia undergoes mitosis to become spermatocyte
Spermatocytogenesis
60
A maturation division which reduces the chromosome number of spermatocytes by half
Meiosis
61
A process wherein spermatids mature to become spermatozoa.
Spermiogenesis
62
Type B spermatogonia is also called
Progenitor cells
63
These are cells located beneath the basement membrane
Spermatogonia
64
Cells with oval nucleus with fine chromatin granules and homogenous and pale staining cytoplasm
Type A spermatogonia
65
Cells with spherical nucleus containing heavily stained chromatin masses that give rise to primary spermatocytes
Type B spermatogonia
66
The biggest spermatogenic cell
Primary spermatocyte
67
Microscopically primary spermatocytes are seen at what mitotic phase?
Prophase
68
Spherical or polygonal cells that contains dark staining nucleus with fine granular chromatin
Secondary spermatocyte
69
During what division does haploid spermatids are formed?
Meiosis II
70
True or False: The spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules and ducts of the testis are active spermatozoa.
False ( only becomes active by the secretion of accessory glands)
71
The spermatozoa consists of four body parts namely;
Head Middle piece Body Tail
72
Enumerate the three events that happen during sperMiogenesis
1. Acrosome formation 2. Flagellum and Midpiece formation 3. Streamlining of spermatozoa
73
The acrosomal granule that forms to be the acrosomal cap is a product of the coalescence of what structure?
Golgi membranes
74
The flagellum is derived from
One centriole
75
A part of the sperm composed of several of mitochondria
Midpiece
76
The pointed streamlined nucleus of spermatozoa is a result of
Nuclear condensation
77
These cells are found closely associated with small blood vessels for easier transport of its hormone product.
Leydig cells
78
What are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system?
Seminal vesicle Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands

1B-2015 (2 decks)

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