Histo-Male Repro Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary sex organs?

A

Testes and ovary

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2
Q

Gonads produce _______ and secrete _________

A

Gametes

Hormones

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3
Q

During what week of development does the gonads appear as a pair of longitudinal ridges?

A

5th week

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4
Q

Gonads appear as longitudinal ridges formed from proliferation of ____________ and condensation of underlying mesenchyme, the __________.

A

Coelomic epithelium

Genital/gonadal ridge

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5
Q

During what week does the primordial germ cells from yolk sac endoderm, invade the genital ridge?

A

6th week

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6
Q

The primitive sex cords are impossible to differentiate in both male and female embryoes.

A

Indifferent gonads.

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7
Q

The gonadal sex is determined by the testis determining factor on the _________.

A

Y chromosome

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8
Q

In a genetically male embryo, the primitive sex cords proliferate to form the _________ or ________.

A

Testes or medullary cord

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9
Q

During development the testis cords lose contact with surface epithelium and will be covered by __________.

A

Tunica albuginea

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10
Q

The testis cords are composed of ___________ and ________.

A

Primitive germ cells

Sertoli cells

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11
Q

The leydig cell is derived from

A

Mesenchyme of gonadal ridge

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12
Q

At what week of development dies the leydig cells start to secrete testosterone?

A

8th week

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13
Q

What hormone induces masculine differentiation of the mesonephric ducts and external genitalia?

A

Testosterone

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14
Q

The sertoli cells secrete what hormone?

A

Mullerian inhibiting substance

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15
Q

The hormone secreted by sertoli cells inhibit the development of _______

A

Paramesonephric ducts

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16
Q

At 7th month, the testes descend at what position?

A

Behind the abdominal position

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17
Q

From 7 months until birth there is progressive shortening of _________ making the testis inside the scrotal sac at birth.

A

Gubarnaculum testis

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18
Q

Capsule that surrounds each testis

A

Tunica albuginea

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19
Q

Fibrous Extensions of the capsule that divide the testis into lobules

A

Septa ( septuli testis)

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20
Q

Each lobule of the testis containd how many seminiferous tubules?

A

1-4 ST

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21
Q

Tightly coiled structures that function as sperm forming factories

A

Seminiferous tubules

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22
Q

These cells found in the testis produce androgens like testosterone.

A

Interstitial cells of leydig

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23
Q

What type of gland is the testis?

A

Compound tubular glands

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24
Q

A pendulous bag of skin with an incomplete layer of dartos muscle.

A

Scrotum

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25
Q

The testis should be maintained at temperatures lower that of body temperature because of…

A

Spermatogenesis

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26
Q

The testes develop _________within th abdominal cavity

A

Retroperitonially

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27
Q

The connection between the processus vaginalis and the peritonial cavity will develop into what layer of the testis?

A

Tunica vaginalis

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28
Q

What aspects of the testes are coated with mesothelium that was once continuous with the peritonial cavity mesothelium.

A

Anterior and lateral

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29
Q

What is the innermost layer of thetesticular capsule?

A

Tunica vasculosa

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30
Q

This layer of the capsule contains network of blood vessels

A

Tunica vasculosa

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31
Q

Seminiferous tubules are ______ cm long and ____ micrometer wide.

A

60cm

200microm

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32
Q

The coiled seminiferous tubules form complex loops that begin and end at the ______

A

Mediastinum

33
Q

A thick fibrous connective tissue beneath the mesothelium and forms the mediastinum testis.

A

Tunica albuginea

34
Q

Part of the mediastinum testis wherein ducts, blood vessels,nerves and lumphatics exits and enter

A

Hilus

35
Q

Connective tissue trabeculae divide the testis into how many lobules?

A

Several hundred lobules

36
Q

Each testicular lobule becomes straight tubule called _________ which then anastomose and form network of tubules called _______ that extend as convoluted tubules called _______ ,which passesto the head of the epididymis.

A

Tubuli recti
Rete testis
Ductuli efferentes

37
Q

The highly tortuous ductus epididymis forms the _______ and ______ of the epididymis

A

Body and tail

38
Q

How many ductuli efferentes arise from the rete testis?

A

2-15

39
Q

The ductus deferens emerges from what part of the epididymis?

A

Tail of the epididymis

40
Q

A fusiform dilatation at the terminal end of the vas deferens.

A

Ampulla

41
Q

The ampulla of vas deferens fuses with the excretory duct of seminal vesicle to form the ________.

A

Ejaculatory duct

42
Q

The ejaculatory duct opens into the ______

A

Side of prostatic utricle at the prostatic urethra

43
Q

The of the seminiferous tubule is made up of three layers namely;

A
  1. Seminiferous epithelium
  2. Basement membrane
  3. Capsule
44
Q

What is the lining epithelium of seminiferous tubules?

A

Complex stratified epithelium

45
Q

The seminiferous epithelium is composed of two types of cell populations, the _______ and _______.

A

Spermatogenic cells

Supporting/sertoli cells

46
Q
The ff are interstitial cells except
A. Leydig cells
B. Macrophages and lymphocytes
C. Fibroblasts
D. Sertoli cells
A

D.

47
Q

Tall,slender, elongated cells that have supportive fxn in relation to spermatogenic cells

A

Sustentacular/sertoli/ supporting cells

48
Q

What cells have the highest supply of of nutrients

A

Spermatogonia

49
Q

Dividing spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa are nourished by?

A

Sertoli cells

50
Q

The blood testis barrier is formed by what cells?

A

Sertoli cells

51
Q

Neighboring sertoli cells are attached by

A

Occluding junctions

52
Q

What are the two compartment of te seminiferous tubule?

A

Basal compartment

Adluminal compartment

53
Q

What comprises the basal compartment?

A

Interstitial space

Spaces occupied by spermatogonia

54
Q

The tubule lumen and the intercellular spaces are known as the

A

Adluminal compartment

55
Q

E entire sequence of events wherein spermatogonia are transformed into spermatozoa.

A

Spermatogenesis

56
Q

The production of sperm cells begins at ______

A

Puberty

57
Q

The spermatogonia division is modified to produce a stem cell and a primary spermatocyte by what hormone?

A

FSH

58
Q

Spermatogenesis takes how many days?

A

64-72 days

59
Q

A process wherein spermatogonia undergoes mitosis to become spermatocyte

A

Spermatocytogenesis

60
Q

A maturation division which reduces the chromosome number of spermatocytes by half

A

Meiosis

61
Q

A process wherein spermatids mature to become spermatozoa.

A

Spermiogenesis

62
Q

Type B spermatogonia is also called

A

Progenitor cells

63
Q

These are cells located beneath the basement membrane

A

Spermatogonia

64
Q

Cells with oval nucleus with fine chromatin granules and homogenous and pale staining cytoplasm

A

Type A spermatogonia

65
Q

Cells with spherical nucleus containing heavily stained chromatin masses that give rise to primary spermatocytes

A

Type B spermatogonia

66
Q

The biggest spermatogenic cell

A

Primary spermatocyte

67
Q

Microscopically primary spermatocytes are seen at what mitotic phase?

A

Prophase

68
Q

Spherical or polygonal cells that contains dark staining nucleus with fine granular chromatin

A

Secondary spermatocyte

69
Q

During what division does haploid spermatids are formed?

A

Meiosis II

70
Q

True or False: The spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules and ducts of the testis are active spermatozoa.

A

False ( only becomes active by the secretion of accessory glands)

71
Q

The spermatozoa consists of four body parts namely;

A

Head
Middle piece
Body
Tail

72
Q

Enumerate the three events that happen during sperMiogenesis

A
  1. Acrosome formation
  2. Flagellum and Midpiece formation
  3. Streamlining of spermatozoa
73
Q

The acrosomal granule that forms to be the acrosomal cap is a product of the coalescence of what structure?

A

Golgi membranes

74
Q

The flagellum is derived from

A

One centriole

75
Q

A part of the sperm composed of several of mitochondria

A

Midpiece

76
Q

The pointed streamlined nucleus of spermatozoa is a result of

A

Nuclear condensation

77
Q

These cells are found closely associated with small blood vessels for easier transport of its hormone product.

A

Leydig cells

78
Q

What are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system?

A

Seminal vesicle
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands