Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Year 5: Pathology > Histo buzzwords > Flashcards

Histo buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

Mastitis

A

High neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Breast abscess

A

Aspirate + culture
Incision + drainage + IV abx (flucloxacillin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Duct ectasia

A

Greeny brown discharge
Duct dilatation w/ proteinaceous materials inside ducts + macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fat necrosis

A

Damaged fat lobules w/ empty fat spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fibroadenoma

A

Most COMMON cause of mobile lump in young women
Firm mobile + painless
Stromal proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Phyloides tumour

A

‘leaf like’ fronds (projections) / ‘artichoke’ appearance
‘malignant fibroadenoma’ - but actually pre-malignant (just more malignant than fibroadenoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fibrocystic disease

A

Fibrocyst = fluid filled
Size varies w/ periods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Intraductal papilloma

A

red discharge (bloody)
Dilated duct w/ papillary mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Radial scar

A

Mimics breast cancer (but is not cancer) - centrofibrous stellate area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gynaecomastia

A

‘Finger-like’ projections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Breast cancers - meaning of cytopathology:
1. 4
2. 5a
3. 5b

A
  1. 4 - suspicious of malignancy
  2. 5a - carcinoma in situ
  3. 5b - invasive carcinoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Invasive ductal carcinoma (renamed to no special type -..-)

A

Most COMMON breast cancer
Large pleomorphic cells
(any breast cancer that can’t be categorised falls into this category - i.e. no specific features)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Invasive lobular

A

Indian file (single file)
E-cadherin loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Invasive tubular

A

Elongated tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Invasive mucinous

A

Empty spaces w/ mucin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ductal carcinoma in situ

A

Microcalcifications + necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lobular carcinoma in situ

A

NO microcalcifications OR necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nottingham grading system (used to grade breast cancer) is composed of:

A
  1. tubule formation
  2. nuclear pleomorphisms
  3. mitotic activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Prognosis is dependent on…
BONUS: Mx

A
  1. Axillary lymph node status
  2. Oestrogen + progesterone receptor positive = good prognosis
  3. HER positive = poor prognosis

BONUS: MX -
ER +ve = Tamoxifen (CI: fluoxetine, post-menopausal)
Instead give anastrazole for post-menopausal
HER +ve = Herceptin (AKA trastuzumab)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Basal cell carcinoma of the breast

A

Triple negative for all receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER)

Lymphocytic infiltrate

Test for: basal cytokeratins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Gynae:
1. complication of PID?
2. Endometriosis - where/what are chocolate cysts
3. Fibroids - what type of muscle cell?
4. What type of epithelium is involved in VIN?
5. What proteins do HPV 16 + 18 affect?

A
  1. Fitz-Hugh-Curtis
  2. Endometriomas, typically found on ovaries
  3. Bundles of smooth muscle cell
  4. Squamous epithelium (squamous carcinoma AKA primary vulval carcinoma = MOST COMMON type of vulval carcinoma)
  5. 16 encodes for E6 (inactivates p53); 18 encodes for E7 (inactivated retinoblastoma)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Follicular cyst (ovarian)

A

regress after several menstrual cycles
only found in pre-menopausal women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Dermoid cyst
(or mature / cystic teratoma)

A

Hair
Rokitansky protruberance (meaning hair + teeth)
Teeth

24
Q

Dysgerminoma

A

AKA female seminoma
MOST common ovarian malignancy in young women + responsive to radiotherapy

NOTE: seminomas treated w/ surgery

25
Serous ovarian cancer
psamomma bodies most COMMON benign epithelial tumour
26
Mucinous ovarian tumour
pseudomyxoma peritonei
27
Endometroid ovarian tumour
Mimics endometriosis w/ chocolate cysts Large increase in Ca125 SBA: deep dyspareunia + raised Ca125
28
Fibroma
Meigs syndrome = fibroma + ascites + pleural effusion
29
Sertoli / leydig tumour
virilisation + hirsutism (+ defeminisation w/ breast atrophy)
30
Krukenberg tumour (ovarian)
from gastric mets signet ring cells
31
SLE
anti-smith = most sensitive anti-dsdNA anti-histone = drug-induced lupus Libman sack endocarditis - associated w/ SLE
32
Limited systemic sclerosis
anti-centromere antibodies CREST syndrome
33
Diffuse systemic sclerosis
anti-Scl 70
34
Polymyositis
anti-Jo-1 proximal muscle weakness high creatine kinase EMG +ve (`p`olymyositis = `p`ositive)
35
Dermatomyositis
anti-Jo-1 EMG -ve Gottron's papules
36
Takayasu
pulseless (but alive)
37
Temporal arteritis
`GGS` - `g`iant cells, `g`ranulomatous transmural inflammation,`s`kip lesions Like Crohn's but in temporal arteritis
38
polyarteritis nodosa
associated w/ Hep B rosary bead appearance
39
Kawasaki disease
fever for >5 days, strawberry tongue, coronary aneurysm (do ECHO!)
40
thromboangitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)
HEAVY smokers Tibial + radial arterial inflammation corkscrew appearance of vessels
41
Small vasculitides: 1. granulomatous w/ polyangiitis 2. eosinophilic granulomatous w/ polyangiitis 3. Microscopic polyangiitis 4. HSP
affects renals
42
fibrous dysplasia
McCune Albright syndrome = cafe au lait spots + fibrous dysplasia + precocious puberty 'chinese letters' soap bubble osteolysis fibrous dysplasia in femoral head = 'shepherd's crook'
43
osteoma
histology = normal associated w/ Gardner's (FAP + osteomas)
44
osteoid osteoma
usually presents in proximal femur histology = normal X-ray finding = radiolucent nidus w/ sclerotic rim (looks like a bullseye) SBA: dull pain made better w/ aspirin
45
osteochondroma
most common benign tumour bony protuberance w/ cartilage cap (AKA mushroom)
46
giant cell tumour
giant cells + soap bubble appearance (similar to fibrodysplasia)
47
enchondroma
popcorn / cotton wool appearance
48
Malignant bone tumours
1. Osteosarcoma = sunburst appearance 2. Ewing's = onion skin 3. Chondrosarcoma = 'fluffy' calcifications
49
Rheumatoid arthritis
spares DIP HLA DR4 multinucleate giant cells (AKA grimley sokoloff)
50
Osteoarthritis
LOSS; thickeness of bone plate
51
Osteomyelitis
10 days after onset = involucrum (new bone fromation) Later = sequestrum detachment
52
Ankylosing spondylitis
HLA B27 CXR = apical fibrosis sacroiliitis
53
psoriatic arthritis
HLA B27 pencil in a cup deformity
54
Paget's disease
increased risk of osteosarcoma isolated high ALP Osteolysis in early disease; mixed lytic / sclerotic lesions later
55
Ricket's / osteomalacia
vitamin D deficiency --> reduced bone mineralisation kids = bowed legs osteomalacia = looser zones (pseudofractures)
56
hyperparathyroidism
osteitis fibrosa cystica = v. thin bones (+ brown tumours)
57

Year 5: Pathology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions