Histo Flashcards
HACEK
Haemophilus Aggregatibacter Cardiobacterum Eikenella Kingella (sub acute endocarditis)
Cholesterol gall stones
> 50% cholesterol
single
Radiolucent (not seen on AXR)
Pigment gallstones
Calcium salts of unconjugated bilirubin
Multiple
Radio-opaque
Complications of gallstones
bile duct obstruction (jaundice)
acute/ chronic cholecystitis
gall bladder cancer
pancreatitis (most common cause of acute, send most common of chronic)
acute cholecystitis
acute inflammation 90% gallstones
salmonella
chronic cholecystitis
chronic inflammation
fibrosis
diverticula - Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses (due to obstruction)
90% a/w gallstones
Rokitansky-Aschoff
diverticular of gallbladder in chronic cholecystitis
Due to pressure agianst obstruction (gallstones)
Gall bladder carcinoma
adenocarcinomas 90% a/w gallstones Cholangiocarcinoma = rare but gallbladder is most common form of cholangiocarcinoma high incidence - South America Rare in UK
Hepatocyte
metabolically active cell in liver
Cholangioctes
line billiary tree
Liver endothelial cells
do NOT sit on basement membrane
discontinuous (no tight junctions)
Kupffer cells
macrophages of the liver
Stellate cells
store Vit A
Activated to become myofibroblasts (lay down collagen) = scarring in liver disease
Chronic hepatitis histology severity
Grade = severity of inflammation Stage = severity of fibrosis
Haemochromatosis mutation
HFE gene
Chr 6p21.3
