Histo

Question 1

What are the 3 classes of hormones?

Answer 1

1. ) Peptide/Protein
2. ) Biogenic amines
3. ) Steroid hormones

Question 2

What is another name for the pituitary gland?

Answer 2

The hypophysis

Question 3

What is the pituitary gland connected to the hypothalamus by?

Answer 3

The infundibulum

Question 4

What is the pituitary gland partitioned into?

Answer 4

The anterior (adenohypophysis) and posterior (neurohypophysis) portions

Question 5

What are the direct targets of the hypothalamus?

Answer 5

1. ) The anterior pituitary (the hypothalamus produces releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones that directly influence the anterior pituitary secretion.
2. ) The kidney and the uterus. The posterior pituitary stores ADH and oxytocin which are produces in the hypothalamus
3. ) The adrenal medulla via sympathetic innervation

Question 6

Describe how the hypothalamus has indirect control.

Answer 6

The hypothalamus releases tropic hormones that either stimulate or inhibit the anterior pituitary from releasing hormones that then influence other endocrine organs.

Question 7

What specifically does the hypothalamus indirectly control?

Answer 7

1. ) Thyroid gland
2. ) Adrenal cortex
3. ) Mammary gland
4. ) Gonads (testes and ovaries)
5. Bones

Question 8

What specifically does the hypothalamus indirectly control?

Answer 8

1. ) Thyroid gland
2. ) Adrenal cortex
3. ) Mammary gland
4. ) Gonads (testes and ovaries)
5. Bones

Question 9

What embryologic origin is the pituitary gland derived from?

Answer 9

ectoderm

Question 10

The anterior portion of the pituitary contains what percent of the gland?

Answer 10

80%

Question 11

The anterior pituitary is made up of what kind of cells?What are they controlled by?

Answer 11

glandular epithelial cells controlled by neurohormones released from the hypothalamus

Question 12

The posterior pituitary is comprised of what?

Answer 12

Axons from the hypothalamus and support cells. The axons carry ADH and oxytocin

Question 13

The anterior pituitary is made up what 3 pars?

Answer 13

1. ) pars tuberalis
2. ) pars intermedia
3. ) pars distalis

Question 14

The posterior pituitary is made up of what 2 things?

Answer 14

1. ) Pars nervosa

2. ) infundibular stalk

Question 15

What do somatotropic cells secrete?

Answer 15

Growth hormone

Question 16

What do thyrotropic cells secrete?

Answer 16

TSH

Question 17

What do corticotropin cells secrete?

Answer 17

ACTH and MSH

Question 18

What does ACTH stimulate?

Answer 18

The adrenal cortex to secrete stress related hormones and mediate metabolism

Question 19

What does MSH stimulate?

Answer 19

Melanocytes to produce melanin

Question 20

What do gonadotropin cells secrete?

Answer 20

FSH and LH

Question 21

What do mammotropic cells secrete?

Answer 21

prolactin that stimulate milk production

Question 22

What are the major cell types in the anterior pituitary? (5)

Answer 22

• Somatotropic cells
• Thyrotropic
• Corticotropic
• Gonadotropic
• Mammotropic

“Some Things Change GrandMa”

Question 23

Which cells of the pars distalis are acidphils? (stain lightly)

Answer 23

Somatotrophs and mammotrophs

Question 24

Which cells of the pars distalis are basophils?

Answer 24

Corticotrophs, thyrotrophs, and gonadotrophs

Question 25

What is the function of the pars nervosa?

Answer 25

To store and release hormones from the axon terminals

Question 26

What does the pars nervosa consist of?

Answer 26

Hypothalamic unmyelinated nerves (herring bodies) - store ADH and oxytocin

Question 27

Does the pars nervosa stain light or dark?

Answer 27

Light

Question 28

What is the function of ADH?

Answer 28

Targets the kidney, regulates sodium and water retention

Question 29

What is the function of oxytocin?

Answer 29

Targets uterine smooth muscle and stimulates lactation, induces birth. May be involved in sexual arousal and pair bonding

Question 30

What does the pineal gland synthesize?

Answer 30

Melatonin and serotonin