Histo

Question 1

Dos caracteristicas principales de cartilage repair

Answer 1

Avascular

Pericondrium y chondrocytes tienen que estas intactos

Question 2

Type of cartilage that provides model for the eveloping skeleton of the fetus

Answer 2

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 3

Epiphyseal growth plate

Answer 3

Cartilage at the proximal and distal end of the bone that serves as growth sites

Question 4

Capsular matrix(pericellular) i high in what type of collagen?

Answer 4

VI and IX

Question 5

Degenerative joint disease

Chondrocytes produce interleukin-1 and TNF-a and synthesis os proteoglycans and type 2 collagen is inhibited

Answer 5

Ostheoarthritis

Question 6

Degenerative joint disease in which immune system attacks the cartilage bone and synovial membrane

Answer 6

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 7

Type of cartilage found in auricles, auditory tube and larynx

Answer 7

Elastic Cartilage

Question 8

Elastic cartilage is distinguished by the presence of ______________ in the cartilage matrix

Answer 8

Elastin

Question 9

Fibrocartilage is a combination pf what two types os tissue?

Answer 9

Dense regular connective tissue and hyaline cartilage

Question 10

Tipo de cartílago donde en imágenes histológicas se ven los chondrocitos se ven dispersed among collagen fibers in rows

Answer 10

Fibrocartilage

Question 11

Fibrocartilage contains larger amounts of ____________ a proteoglycan secreted by FIBROBLASTS, whereas Hyaline cartilage contain ____________ produced by chondrocytes.

Answer 11

Versican and Aggrecan respectively

Question 12

Effect of thyroxine,testosterone and somatotropin on hyaline cartilage

Answer 12

Stimulate cartilage histogenesis

Question 13

Effect of hypervitaminosis A

Answer 13

Accelerates ossification of epiphysial plates –> fragility and fracture of long bones

Question 14

Cortisone, hydrocortisone and estradiol

Answer 14

Inhibit cartilage histogenesis

Question 15

Hypovitaminosis C

Answer 15

Stops matrix productions, scurvy develops

Question 16

Hypovitaminosis D

Answer 16

Deficient absortion of Ca++ and phosphorous

Matrix fails to calcify-> RICKETS develop

Question 17

Cells that secrete EM called osteoid

Answer 17

Osteoblast

Question 18

Bone cell that is surrounded by its secreted matrix

Answer 18

Osteocyte

Question 19

Cells present on bone surface where bone is being remodeled

Answer 19

Osteoclast

Question 20

Osteoclasts are derived from which type of cells?

Answer 20

Progenitor cells in bone marrow that give rise to monocytes lineages

Question 21

Osteocytes communicate via:

Answer 21

Gap junctions and canaliculi

Question 22

In later stages of growth/adult, the tissue in the bone marrow consist mostly of_____________

Answer 22

Fat cells

Question 23

Endosteum vs Periosteum

Answer 23

E= Covers bone cavities and canals

P=covers external surfaces of bones

Question 24

Periosteum two layers and their composition

Answer 24

Fibrous Periosteum

Question 25

Effect of calcitonin in osteoclast

Answer 25

Reduce osteoclastic activity

Question 26

What type of cells migrate to form ossification centers?

What type of cells do they become?

Answer 26

Mesenchymal cells

Osteoprogenitor cells

Question 27

Where and when does the primary center of ossification form?

And the second?

Answer 27

12 week of gestation in the diaphysis

Shortly after birth in the proximal epiphyseal plate

Question 28

Name the steps of fracture bone repair

Answer 28

1- fracture hematoma

2- formation of soft callous by fibrocartilage

3-Osteoprogenitor cells from Periosteum differentiate into osteoblast–> formation of bony sheath

4- soft callous replaced by bone as in endochondral ossification

Question 29

Que condiciones se pueden presentar en exceso and lack of GROWTH HORMONE?

Answer 29

Excess–> gigantism

Lack–> dwarfism

Question 30

FGF 23

Fibroblast growth facto 23

Answer 30

Produced by osteocytes

Regulates phosphate levels