Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Salma's Path > Histo > Flashcards

Histo Flashcards

1
Q

Criteria for diagnosing SLE

A
  1. malar rash
  2. discoid rash
  3. photosenstivity
  4. neuro disorder: seizures/psychosis
  5. mouth or nose ulcers
  6. cardio-pulmonary problems (pleuritis/pericarditis)
  7. renal disorder
  8. nonerosis arthritis (2 or more joints
  9. haem disorder (low WBC/plts, haemolytic anaemia)
  10. specific Abs: anti dsDNA/anti cardiolipin/ anti Sm
  11. ANA

Need 4 out of 11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Antibodies in systemic sclerosis?

A

Diffuse: anti-topoisomerase (top to toe)

Limited: Anti centromere (C for CREST)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

onion skin intimal thickening of small arteries

A

scleroderma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

mixed connective tissue disease autoantibodies?

A

speckled ANA
anti RNP
Rhfactor in 50%

Raynaud’s common, happens in older women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you diagnose dermatomyositis?

A

CK levels and muscle biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Takayasu’s arteritis?

A

involves aorta or branches of aortic arch
inflammation destroys vessel wall and replaces it with fibrosis
sometimes giant cell reaction (i.e. you see macrophages)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vasculitis associated with asthma and raised eosinophils?

A

Churg-Strauss syndrome aka allergic vasculitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

IgA mediated leucocytoclastic small vessel vasculitis?

A

HSP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is cryoglobulinaemia?

A

low temp = precipitation of proteins

associated with myeloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Heavy smoker presents with claudication and gangrene (but not diabetic)

A

Buerger’s disease aka thromboangiitis obliterans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

antiendothelial antibodies

A

Kawasaki’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

signs of Kawasaki’s

A 
fever
erythema of palms and soles leading to desquamation 
non-purulent conjunctivitis 
rash 
lymphadenopathy 
strawberry tongue

treat with IVIG to prevent coronary artery aneurysms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

M:F ratio for polyarteritis nodosa?

A

2:1 :o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

rosary sign

A 
polyarteritis nodosa 
 (small aneurysms along an artery) - medium and small arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which organs does polyarteritis nodosa affect?

A 
in order: 
kidneys causing HTN 
heart 
liver 
GIT

arteritis is focal and sharply dermarcated - heals by fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what sort of hypersensitivity reaction is temporal arteritis?

A

Type IV - delayed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which disease is temporal arteritis associated with?

A

50% have polymyalgia rheumatica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

congo red dye and apple green bifringence under polarised light

A

amyloidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

raised T cells in lung fluids but low T cells in peripheral blood

A

Sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

lupus pernio

A

sarcoidosis

21
Q

sarcoidosis bloods?

A

hypergammaglobulinaemia
raised ACE
hypercalcaemia (due to release of vit D metabolites by activated macrophages)

22
Q

non-bacterial endocarditis associated with SLE

A

Libman-Sacks

23
Q

nucleolar pattern immunoflurescence

A

scleroderma

24
Q

Gottron’s papules

A

dermatomyositis - dorsum of knuckles on hands

25
what are the 2 large vessel vasculitides?
Takayasu | Giant cell
26
2 medium vessel vasculitides?
polyarteritis nodosa | Kawasaki disease
27
ANCA associated vasculitides?
Microscopic polyangitis Wegener's (C-ANCA) Churg-Strauss (P-ANCA --> P for pulmonary)
28
immune complex small vessel vasculitides?
Cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis HSP anti-C1q vasculitis
29
palpable purpuric rash
vasculitis
30
What are P-ANCA and C-ANCA directed against?
P-ANCA - myeloperoxidase | C-ANCA - proteinase 3
31
on histology: ball of macrophages, multinucleate giant cells
sarcoid
32
what are the 2 types of parenchymal cerebral oedema?
vasogenic oedema: this happens when the integrity of the BBB is disrupted and is made worse due to lack of lymphatic drainage in the brain. this may be local or general. Cytotoxic oedema: secondary to cellular injury
33
most of CSF is produced by what?
choroid plexus (70-80%)
34
what are the 2 types of hydrocephalus?
non-communicating (obstructive) - typically blockage in cerebral aqueduct communicating (non-obstructive) - impaired reabsorption, no problems with flow
35
what are the 3 types of brain herniation?
transtentorial - medial temporal lobe compressed against the free margin of the tentorium cerebelli subfalcine - cingulate gyrus displaced under falx cerebri Tonsillar - cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum
36
what is a watershed stroke?
Ischemia, or blood flow blockage, that is localized to the border zones between the territories of two major arteries in the brain. territory between ACA and MCA most at risk (cortical border zone)
37
what are cavernous angiomas?
well-defined malformative lesions composed of closely packed vessels with no parenchyma interposed between vascular spaces. Jess Martin: 'Literally a hole lined with blood vessels' cause low pressure, recurrent bleeds
38
where do berry aneuryms occur?
80% ICA bifurcation | 20% in verterbrobasilar circulation
39
how can you categorize head trauma?
non-missile (axonal injury - dorsal midbrain particularly vulnerable) or missile focal or diffuse
40
what is the structure of prions?
alpha helical structure which becomes unfolded and then refolded into beta pleated sheet
41
spongiform change
prion disease
42
symptoms of supratentorial tumours
focal neurological deficit seizure headache change of mental status
43
subtentorial tumour symptoms?
cerebellar ataxia, long tract signs, cranial nerve palsy
44
what is the grading system for CNS tumours?
grade 1: long-term survival/cured grade 2: death in >5 yrs grade 3: death within 5 years grade 4: death within 6 months to 1 year
45
what is the most common primary CNS tumour in adults?
glial
46
fried egg appearance on CNS histology
oligodendroglial nucleus
47
CNS histology: Rosenthal fibres and granular bodies with piloid hairy cells
pilocytic astrocytoma
48
CNS histology: whirl-like structure
meningioma

Salma's Path (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions