Histo Flashcards
WHat are the two hypotensive hormones and where are they secreted from?
ANP - kept in granules, ANP is secreted from the atria.
BNP - the ventricle secretes proBNP, which is cleaved in the bloodstream. Used as a diagnostic tool for CHF.
C-type - responsible for clearing of ANP and BNP
What. Do purkinje fibers look like?
Clear/white. Significantly larger than cardiomyocytes. Cant Really see nucleus
Layers of arteries/veins
Tunica intima - innermost, endothelium, internal Elastic lamina
Tunica Media - middle most, External elastic lamina. Smooth muscle
Tunica adventitia - outermost. COnnective tissue. Vasodilator vasorum, Nervi vasorum.
WHat does the tunica media in the wall of the aorta look like?
It has a lot of elastic tissue, which looks like small squiggles. The small squiggles are made by smooth muscle cells As you get further away from the aorta you will see less elastic tissue.
Difference between muscular arteries in veins under a section
arteries will be rounder and have waves (I. Guess) on the inside so that they can expand. Veins will be flat and fat.
Comparison of elastic and muscular arteries under a scope
Elastic artery will be full of elastic tissue whereas the muscular artery will not.
Small artery vs. vein vs. nerve under a microscope
Artery will be circular and a few cells thick. Vein will be fatter and flatter. Nerve will be full of cells, no hole.
Pericytes
Stem cells capable of becoming smooth muscle, adipose, osteogenic, or chondrogenic cells. Found on the adluminal (towards the lumen) side of the basement membrane in the capillaries.
What are the three types of capillaries.?
Continuous - found in muscle, CNS, and gonads. Least permeable.
Fenestrated - found in viscera, endocrine glands, and renal glomerulus. Has small openings in it.
Discontinuous (Sinusoidal) - found in liver, spleen, bone marrow, and some endocrine glands. Much wider than other types of capillaries and exhibit the greatest amount of permeability.
What two ways do we see transport at the capillary level?
1) Hydrostatic pressure - pushing water out of the capillary into the interstitial fluid (oncotic pressure brings much of it back in).
2) transocytosis via pinocytic vesicles - used for larger molecules.
What does a lymphatic capillary look like under the microscope?
It looks like a vacuolated oval cell
How are walls of blood vessels nourished?
Vaso vasorum can nourish the outer half or so. The intima and inner media are nourished by diffusion.
3 layers of heart
Epicardium - outer layer w coronary blood vessels
Myocardium -
Endocardium - squamous cell epithelium
