Histo Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
All processes are done in an automafic tissue processor, EXCEPT:
A. Fixation
B. Dehydration
C. Impregnation
automatic ristue
D. Embedding
A
D. Embedding
2
Q
The AUTOTECHNI COM is an automatic tissue processor. The last container through which the surgical tissue sections pass through contains:
A. Formalin
B. Alcohol
C. Paraffin
D. Acetone
A
C. Paraffin
3
Q
All of the following are good characteristics of a fixing fluid, EXCEPT:
A. It must be cheap, stable and safe to handle.
B. It must inhibit bacterial decomposition and autolysis
C. It must be isotonic, causing minimal physical and chemical alteration of the cells.
LEMAR REVIEWIHUE]
D. It must make cellular components sensitive to subsequent processing.
A
D. It must make cellular components sensitive to subsequent processing.
4
Q
The amount of the fixing fluid should be approximately:
A. 5-10 times the volume of the specimen
B. 10-20 times the volume of the specimen
C. 20-30 times the volume of the specimen
D. 40-50 times the volume of the specimen
A
B. 10-20 times the volume of the specimen
5
Q
All of the following are micronanatomical fixatives, EXCEPT:
A. 10% Formalin
B. Bouin’s solution
C. Zenker’s solution
D. Flemming’s fluid
A
D. Flemming’s fluid
6
Q
Nuclear fixatives are those which preserves the nuclear structures (e.g., chromosomes). They usually contain _____ as their primary component due to its affinity for nuclear chromatin. They have a pH of 4.6 or less.
A. Osmium tetroxide
B. Nitric acid
C. Trichloroacetic acid
D. Glacial acetic acid
A
D. Glacial acetic acid
7
Q
Cytoplasmic fixatives are those that preserves cytoplasmic structures in particular. They must never contain glacial acetic acid which destroys mitochondria and Golgi bodies of the cytoplasm. They have a pH of more than 4.6. All of the following are cytoplasmic fixatives, except:
A. Helly’s fluid
В. Zenker’s fluid
C. Regaud’s fluid
D. Orth’s fluid
A
В. Zenker’s fluid
8
Q
All of the following are metallic fixatives, EXCEPT:
A. Zenker’s fluid
B. Helly’s solution
C. Regaud’s fluid
D. Carnoy’s fluid
A
D. Carnoy’s fluid
9
Q
All of the following are mercurial fixatives, EXCEPT:
A. B-5 fixative
8. Zenker’s fluid
C. Orth’s fluid
D. Hedenhain’s Susa
A
C. Orth’s fluid
10
Q
These fixatives are recommended for glycogen fixation:
A. Aldehyde fixatives
B. Mercurial fixatives
C. Alcoholic fixatives
D. Chromate fixatives
A
C. Alcoholic fixatives
11
Q
Most widely used fixative for electron microscopy:
A. Mercurial fixative
B. Picric acid fixitives
C. Glacial acetic acid
D. Osmium tetroxide fixatives
A
D. Osmium tetroxide fixatives
12
Q
Fixative for the preservation of fats:
A. Helly’s fluid
B. Zenker’s fluid
C. Formalin
D. Newcomer’s fluid
A
C. Formalin
13
Q
Best fixative for the nervous system.
A. Formalin
B. B-5 fixative
C. Helly’s fluid
D. Regaud’s fluid
A
A. Formalin
14
Q
It is added as a preservative to formaldehyde. This will prevent its decomposition to formic acid or precipitation to paraformaldehyde.
A. Butanol
B. Elhanol
C. Methanol
D. Acetone
A
C. Methanol
15
Q
Formaldehyde is sually buffered at pH 7 with _ buffer.
A. Citrate
B. Bicarbonate
C. Carbonic acid
D. Phosphate
A
D. Phosphate
16
Q
Formaldehyde fumes are irritating to the nose and eyes and may cause:
A. Allergic rhinitis
B. Sinusitis
C. Excessive lacrimation
D. All of these
A
D. All of these
17
Q
In tissues containing much blood (e.g., spleen), unbuffered formalin leads to the formation of dark brown artifact pigment granules. These pigments may be removed with:
А. lodine
B. Sodium thiosulfate
C. Picric acid
D. Glacial acetic acid
A
C. Picric acid
18
Q
Concentrated solutions of this fixing agent must NEVER be neutralized since this might precipitate violent explosions.
A. Formaldehyde
B. Mercuric chloride
C. Potassium dichromate
D. Alcoholic fixatives
A
A. Formaldehyde
19
Q
It is considered as the most common metallic fixative:
A. Lead
В. Mercuric chlonde
C. Osmium tetroxide
D. Chromate
A
В. Mercuric chlonde
20
Q
Fixatives that give the best results with metachromatic staining and are the routine fixatives of choice for preservation of detail for photography:
A. Formalin fixatives
B. Mercurial fixatives
C. Lead fixatives
D. Chromate fixatives
A
B. Mercurial fixatives
21
Q
Helly’s solution has the same components as Zenker’s, but instead of glacial acetic acid, Helly’s contains:
A. Mercuric chloride
B. Potassium dichromate
C. Sodium sulfate
D. Formaldehyde
A
D. Formaldehyde
22
Q
This fixative is recommended for tumor biopsies especially the skin.
A. Zenkers fluid
B. Helly’s fluid
C. Heidenhain’s Susa
D. Flemming’s fluid
A
C. Heidenhain’s Susa
23
Q
Tissues fixed with mixtures containing mercuric chloride may contain black precipitates of mercury, EXCEPT:
A. B-5 fixative
B. Zenker’s fluid
C. Helly’s fluid
D. Heidenhain’s Susa solution
A
D. Heidenhain’s Susa solution
24
Q
Black deposits of mercuric chloride may be removed with:
A. lodine
В. Picric acid
C. Ammonia water
D. Osmium tetroxide
A
A. lodine
25
It is recommended mainly for tumor biopsies especially of the skin; it is an excellent cytologic fixative.
A. B-5 fixative
B. Zenker's fluid
C. Helly's fluid
D. Heidenhain's Susa solution
D. Heidenhain's Susa solution
26
It is recommended for demonstration of chromatin, mitochondria, mitotic figures, Golgi bodies, RBC and colloid-containing tissues.
A. Carnoy's fluid
B. Newcomer's fluid
C. Regaud's fluid
D. Zenker's fluid
C. Regaud's fluid
27
This fixative recommended for the study of early degenerative processes and tissue necrosis. It demonstrate Rickertsiae and other bacteria.
A. Acetone
B. Orth’s fluid
C. Ethyl alcohol
D. Bouin's solution
B. Orth’s fluid
28
It is recommended for acid mucopolysaccharides.
A. Aldehye fixatives
B. Picric acid fixatives
C. Lead fixatives
D. Bouin’s solution
C. Lead fixatives
29
This fixative is highly explosive when dry, and therefore must be kept moist with distilled water or saturated alcohol during storage.
A. Osmic acid
B. Mercuric chloride
C. Picric acid
D. Acetone
C. Picric acid
30
It is recommended for fixation of embryos and pituitary biopsies:
A Zenker's fluid
B. Bouin's solution
C. Orth's fluid
D. Regaud's fluid
B. Bouin's solution
31
Bouin's is appropriate for fixing the following structures, EXCEPT:
A. Fragmentary biopsies
B. Endometrial curettings
C. Glycogen
D. Kidney structures
D. Kidney structures
32
All of the following fixatives contain picric acid, EXCEPT:
A. Bouin's fluid
B. Brasil's fixalive
C. Gendre's fixative
D. Carnoy’s fluid
D. Carnoy’s fluid
33
33. Acetic acid is normally used in conjunction with other fixatives to a compound solution. It solidifies at ____, hence the name glacial acetic acid.
А. 7 C
B. 7 F
С. 17°C
D. 17°F
С. 17°C
34
All of the following statements are true for glacial acetic acid, EXCEPT:
A. It fixes and precipitates nucleoproteins
B. Precipitates chromosomes and chromatin materials, hence is useful in the study of the nuclear components of the cell
C. It causes tissues (especially those containing collage) to shrink
D. It is contraindicated for cytoplasmic fixation, since it destroys mitochondria and Golgi elements of the cell
C. It causes tissues (especially those containing collage) to shrink
35
Alcohol rapidly denatures and precipitates proteins by destroying hydrogen and other bonds. As a fixative, it must be used in concentrations ranging from _"
A. 30 to 50%
B. 50 to 70%
C. 60 to 70%
D. 70 to 100%
D. 70 to 100%
36
It is excellent for fixing dry and wet smears, blood smears and bone marrow tissues.
A Carnoy's tod
B. Hellys solution
C. Acetone
D. Methyl alcohol
D. Methyl alcohol
37
This fixative is considered to be as the most rapid fixative. It fixes and dehydrates at the same time.
A. Flemming's fluid
B. Helly's fluid
C. Bouin's fluid
D. Carnoy's fluid
D. Carnoy's fluid
38
It is recommended fur fixing chromosumes, lymph glands and urgent biopsies.
A. Flemming's fluid
B. Helly’s fluid
C. Bouin's fluid
D. Carnoy’s fluid
D. Carnoy’s fluid
39
39. It is used in fixing brain tissues for diagnosis of rabies.
A. Formaline
B. Picric acid
C. Osmium tetroxide
D. Acetone
D. Acetone
40
Factors that slow down (retard) fixation, EXCEPT:
A. Presence of mucus and blood
B. Presence of fats
C. Cold temperature
D. Agitation
D. Agitation
41
The most useful primary fixative(s) for electron microscopy is(are):
A. Osmium tetroxide
B. Glutaraldehyde
C. Paraformaldehyde
D. All of these
D. All of these
42
All are advantages of microwave fixation, EXCEPT:
A. Tissues are heated right through the block in short time
B. Reduces time taken for immunohistochemistry
C. Penetrates even thick tissues
D. Useful in preserving neurochemical substances in brain
C. Penetrates even thick tissues
43
Organ that should not be dissected before they are fixed:
A. Uterus
B. Liver
C. Eyes
D. Lungs
C. Eyes
44
This organ is usually suspended whole in 10% buffered formalin for 2 to 3 weeks to ensure fixation and some hardening prior to sectioning.
A. Lungs
B. Liver
C. Brain
D. Amputated foot
C. Brain
45
For fixation, tissues should not be more than 5 mm. thick except in ___ (in which case tissue slices may be 1-2 cm thick), with minimum squeezing and handling.
A. Liver
B. Uterus
C. Intestines
D. Lung edema
D. Lung edema
46
The process of decalcification is best performed:
A. Before fixation
B. After fixation
C. After impregnation
D. After staining
B. After fixation
47
The recommended ratio of fluid to tissue volume for decalcification is:
A. 5 to 1
B. 10 to 1
C. 15 to 1
D. 20 to 1
D. 20 to 1
48
The ideal time required for decalcifying tissues is:
A. 2 to 4 hours
B. 4 to 6 hours
C. 12 to 14 hours
D. 24 to 48 hours
D. 24 to 48 hours
49
It is the most common and the fastest decalcifying agent used.
A. Nitric acid
B. Hydrochloric acid
C. Formic acid
D. Citric acid
A. Nitric acid
50
It decalcifies and softens tissues at the same time:
A. Von Ebner’s fluid
B. Perenyi’s fluid
C Flemming's fluid
D. Trichloroacetic acid
B. Perenyi’s fluid
51
This decalcifying agent contains hydrochloric acid.
A. Perenyi’s fluid
B. Flemming's fluid
C. Phlorglucin-nitric acid
D. Von Ebner's fuid
D. Von Ebner's fuid
52
Most ideal and most reliable method of determining extent of decalcification:
A. Physical test
B. Mechanical test
C. Chemical test
D. Radiological test
D. Radiological test
53
A simple, reliable and convenient method for routine purposes to detect the presence of calcium in the decalcifying
A. Physical test
В. Mechanical test
C. Chemical test
D. Radiological test
C. Chemical test
54
As a general rule, whatever dehydrating agent is used, the amount in each stage should be:
A. Not less than 2 times the volume of the tissue
C. Not less than 5 times the volume of the tissue
B. Not less than 3 times the volume of the tissue
D. Not less than 10 times the volume of the tissue
D. Not less than 10 times the volume of the tissue
55
If good grade absolute alcohol (for dehydration) is not easily available, it should be at least 99,7% pure, and freedom from water should be checked by adding a small amount of ____, if water is present it will become tinged with blue.
A. Sodium sulfate
B. Copper sulfate
C. Thymol
D. Phenol
B. Copper sulfate
56
The alcohol recommend for routine dehydration of tissues. It is considered to be as the best dehydrating agent because it is fast-acting, it mixes with organic solvents, and it penetrates tissue easily.
A. Butyl alcohol
B. Ethyl alcohol
C. Isopropyl alcohol
D. Methyl alcohol
B. Ethyl alcohol
57
57. A Toxic dehydrating agent, primarily employed for blood and tissue films and for smear preparation:
A. Butyl alcohol
B. Ethyl alcohol
C. Isopropyl aicohal
D. Methyl alcohol
D. Methyl alcohol
58
Reagent(s) that both dehydrate and clear tissue.
A. Tetrahydrofuran
B. Dioxane (diethylene dioxide)
C. Both of these
D. None of these
C. Both of these
59
All are commonly used dehydrating agents, EXCEPT;
A. Alcohol
B. Acetone
C. Chloroform
D. Dioxane
C. Chloroform
60
Application(s) of clearing in histopathology:
A. For dealcoholization of tissues preparatory to wax impregnation
B. For dealcoholization of stained sections prior to mounting in Permount, Clarite, and Canada balsam
C. For the purpose of making tissues, embryos, and parasites transparent
D. All of these
D. All of these
61
Clearing agents must be used in amounts: Lynch
A. Not less than 2 times the volure of the tissue
C. Not less than 5 times the volume of the tissue
B. Not less than 3 times the volume of the tissue
D. Not less than 10 times the volume of the tissue
D. Not less than 10 times the volume of the tissue
62
It is the most rapid and most commonly used clearing agent in histology laboratories.
A. Benzene
В. Toluene
C. Xylene (xylol)
D. Chloroform
C. Xylene (xylol)
63
Most probable cause when clearing agent turns milky as soon as the tissue is placed in it:
A. Incomplete tixation
B. Prolonged fixation
C. Incomplete dehydration
D. Prolonged dehydration
C. Incomplete dehydration
64
Excessive exposure to this clearing agent may be extremely toxic to man and may become carcinogenic or it may damage the bone marrow resulting in aplastic anemia.
A. Benzene
B. Toluene
C. Xylene (xylol)
D. Chioroform
A. Benzene
65
This clearing agent is recommended for tough tissues (skin, fibrinoid and decalcified tissues), nervous tissues, lymph nodes and embryos:
A. Toluene
B. Chloroform
C. Xylene
D. Benzene
B. Chloroform
66
This clearing agent is especially recommended for CNS tissues and cytological studies, particularly of smooth muscles and skin.
A. Toluene
B. Cedarwood oil
C. Aniline oil
D. Clove oil
B. Cedarwood oil
67
Types of tissue impregnation and embedding media:
1. Paraffin wax
2. Celloidin (collodion)
3. Gelatin
4. Plastic
A. 1 and 3
В. 2 and 4
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
68
The volume of the impregnating medium should be at least
the volume of the tissue.
A. 5 times
B. 10 times
C. 20 times
D. 25 times
D. 25 times
69
Simplest, most common and best embedding medium for routine tissue processing:
A. Paraffin wax
В. Celloidin
C. Ester wax
D. Carbowax
A. Paraffin wax
70
In manual paraffin impregnation and embedding:
A. Impregnation: 2 changes of wax at 15 minutes interval; complete embedding approximately 2 hours
B. Impregnation: 4 changes of wax at 15 minutes interval; complete embedding approximately 3 hours
C. Impregnation: 2 changes of wax at 10 minutes interval; complete embedding approximately 2 hours
D. Impregnation: 4 changes of wax at 10 minutes interval; complete embedding approximately 3 hours
B. Impregnation: 4 changes of wax at 15 minutes interval; complete embedding approximately 3 hours
71
Wax that has been trimmed away from the impregnated tissue may be melted and _____ for future use.
А. Discarded, use only once
B. Heated at 56 to 60 °C
C. Filtered with coarse filter paper, Green No. 904
D. Heated at 100 to 105 °C
C. Filtered with coarse filter paper, Green No. 904
72
Water may be removed from paraffin by:
A. Filtering before use
B. Filter with Green's No. 904
C. Heating to 56 to 60 °C
D. Heating to 100 to 105 °C
D. Heating to 100 to 105 °C
73
Of the different methods of paraffin wax impregnation, which gives the fastest result?
A. Manual processing
B. Automatic processing
C. Vacuum embedding
D. Cannot be determined
C. Vacuum embedding
74
During vacuum embedding, care must be taken when dealing with pieces of lungs, as too rapid evacuation of air is liable to rupture the lung alveoli, which when examined microscopically simulates
A. Scarring
B. Emphysema
C. Atelectasis
D. Pneumonia
B. Emphysema
75
The wET celloidin method is recommended for all of the following, EXCEPT:
A Bones and teeth
B. Large brain sections
C. Whole organs
D. Eyes
D. Eyes
76
It is the preferred method for processing whole eye sections:
A. Dry celloidin
B. Wet celloidin
C. Dry and wet celloidin
D. Any of these
A. Dry celloidin
77
Gilson's mixture is added to the celloidin blocks before hardening to make the tissues transparent. It is used for:
A. Dry celloidin
B. Wet celloidin
C. Both of these
D. None of these
A. Dry celloidin
78
Double embedding:
A Infiltrated with paraffin and then embedded with celloidin
B. Infiltrated with celloidin and then embedded with paraffin
C. Infiltrated with gelatin and then embedded with plastic
D. Infiltrated with gelatin and then embedded with paraffin
B. Infiltrated with celloidin and then embedded with paraffin
79
This is essential so that ultrathin sections for ELECTRON MICROSCOPY may be cut with a minimum of distortion:
A. Paraffin embedding
B. Celloidin embedding
C. Plastic embedding
D. Gelatin embedding
C. Plastic embedding
80
Ester wax is harder than paraffin but with a lower melting point. What is the melting of ester wax?
A. 46 to 48 °C
B. 56 to 57 °C
C. 56 to 58 °C
D. 45 to 50 °C
C. 56 to 58 °C
81
A semi-synthetic wax used for embedding the eyes:
A. Paraplast
В. Ester wax
C. Bioloid
D. Tissue Mat
C. Bioloid
82
Carbowax has a major disadvantage of:
A. Dissolving during flotation
B. Being a lengthy processing method
C. Making tissues brittle for sectioning
D. Causing cell shrinkage
A. Dissolving during flotation
83
A product of paraffin containing rubber with the same property as Paraplast.
A. Blood
B. Carbowax
C. Gelatin
D. Tissue mat
D. Tissue mat
84
Blocking-out mold consisting of two L-shaped strips of heavy brass or metal arranged on a flat metal plate and can be moved to adjust the size of the mold to the size of the specimen:
A. Compound embedding unit
B. Tissue Tek
C. Leuckhart's embedding mold
D. Peel away
C. Leuckhart's embedding mold
85
When trimming tissue block, they must be surrounded by at least _ of wax.
A. 1mm
B. 2 mm
C. 3 mm
D. 4 mm
B. 2 mm
86
The angle formed between the cutting facet where they met at the cutting edge is known as the "BEVEL ANGLE", and is normally about:
A. 0 - 15 °
B. 5 - 10 °
C. 27 - 32 °
D. 45 °
C. 27 - 32 °
87
Then angle Of ahoperfect and Optimum CUTTING ANGLE is obtained when the sides of the wedge knife are inclined
A. 5 degree angle
B. 10 degree angle
C. 15 degree angle
D. 27 degree angle
C. 15 degree angle
88
To prevent uneven sections, or alternate thin and thick sections, the knife should be inclined with ____ clearance angle from the cutting plane so that the cutting facet will not compress the block during the process of cutting.
A. 0 to 5 degree angle
B. 5 to 10 degree angle
C. 5 to 15 degree angle
D. 10 to 15 degree angle
B. 5 to 10 degree angle
89
It involves the removal of gross nicks on the knife edge, to remove blemishes, and grinding the cutting edge of the knife on a stone:
A. Honing
B. Stropping
C. Both of these
D. None of these
A. Honing
90
The knife is then tumed over, and the other surface is again drawn forward, edge first, with a HEEL TO TOE
A. Honing
В. Stropping
C. Both of these
D. None of these
A. Honing
91
It is used for manual sharpening when cutting edge has been rendered blunt or nicked; this type usually gives the best result:
A. Fine carborundum
B. Arkansas
C. Belgium yellow
D. None of these
C. Belgium yellow
92
True of stropping, EXCEPT:
A. Process whereb; the bur formed during honing is removed
B. Cutting edge of the knife is polished
C. Done in a heel to toe direction
D. Requires around 40-120 double strokes
C. Done in a heel to toe direction
93
Microtome for cutting paraffin embedded tissues, and is the MOST COMMON type used for routine work:
A. Rocking microtome
B. Rotary microtome
C. Sliding microtome
D. Freezing microtome
B. Rotary microtome
94
Microtome for cutting serial sections of large blocks of paraffin embedded tissues, SIMPLEST TYPE among the different types of microtome:
A. Rocking microtome
В. Rotary microtome
C. Sliding microtome
D. Freezing microtome
A. Rocking microtome
95
Microtome for cutting CELLOIDIN embedded sections:
A. Rocking microtome
B. Rotary microtome
C. Sliding microtome
D. Freezing microtome
C. Sliding microtome
96
Microtome for cutting sections for electron microscopy:
A. Rocking microtome
В. Rotary microtome
C. Freezing microtome
D. Ultrathin microtome
D. Ultrathin microtome
97
For cutting unembedded frozen sections: RELEASES CARBON DIOXIDE THAT FREEZES TISSUES
A. Rocking microtome
B. Rotary microtome
C. Freezing microtome
D. Ultrathin microtome
C. Freezing microtome
98
It is recommended for cutting paraffin embedded sections on a rotary microtome:
А. Biconcave knife
В. Plane-concave knife
C. Plane-wedge knife
D. None of these
А. Biconcave knife
99
It is recommended for frozen sections or for cutting extremely hard and tough specimens embedded in paraffin blocks, using a base-sledge type or sliding microtome:
A. Biconcave knife
B. Plane-concave knife
C. Plane-wedge knife
D. None of these
C. Plane-wedge knife
100
These knives are used to cut block for electron microscopy (EM):
A. Disposal blades
B. Steel knives
C. Diamond or glass knives
D. Magnetic blades
C. Diamond or glass knives
101
For routine works, paraffin sections are usually cut between in thickness for histologic procedures.
A. 2 to 3 micra
B. 4 to 6 micra
C.10 to 15 micra
D. 0.5 micra
B. 4 to 6 micra
102
Celloidin sections are usually cut between
in thickness. USING SLIDING MICROTOME
A. 2 to 3 micra
B. 4 to 6 micra
C. 10 to 15 micra
D. 0.5 micra
C. 10 to 15 micra
103
Primary application of frozen sectioning:
A. Rapid diagnosis during surgery
B. Demonstration of lipids and carbohydrates
C. Enzyme histochemistry
D Immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical staining
A. Rapid diagnosis during surgery
104
The cryostat is an apparatus used in fresh tissue microtomy. It consists of a microtome, kept inside a cold chamber which has been maintained at a temperature of:
А. 20 °C
В. -20 °C
C. 4 °C
D. -4 °C
В. -20 °C
105
Temperature of the flotation water bath:
A. 35 to 37 °C
B. 45 to 50 °C
C. 55 to 60 °C
D. At boiling point
B. 45 to 50 °C
106
It the most commonly used adhesive for paraftin sections.
A. Plasma
B. Gelatin
C. Starch paste
D. Mayer's egg albumin
D. Mayer's egg albumin
107
It is added to Mayer's egg albumin to prevent the growth of molds:
A. Gelatin
B. Glycern
C. Egg white
D. Thymol
D. Thymol
108
This is widely used as a section adhesive
immunohi stochemistry:
A. Mayer's egg albumin
B. Gelatin, 1%
C. Dried albumin
D. Poly-L-lysine
D. Poly-L-lysine
109
Coated slides are very useful in cytology, particularly cytospin preparations of proteinaceous or bloody material.
A. Gelatin
B. Poly-L-lysine
C. Plasma
D. APES (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane)
D. APES (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
110
FREEZE-DRYING is a special way of preserving tissues by rapid freezing (quenching) of fresh tissue and subsequently removing ice water molecules (desiccation) by a physical process of transferring the still frozen tissue block in a vacuum at a higher temperature (sublimation). Which of the following is the correct procedure?
A. Quenching at -40°C, sublimation at -160°C
В. Quenching at -160°C, sublimation at -160°C
C. Quenching at -40°C, sublimation at -40°C
D. Quenching at -160°C, sublimation at -40°C
D. Quenching at -160°C, sublimation at -40°C
111
Instead of being subjected to dehydration in an expensive vacuum drying apparatus, frozen tissue is fixed in ROSSMAN'S FORMULA or in 1% acetone and dehydrated in absolute alcohol.
A. Freeze-drying
B. Freeze-substitution
C. Both of these
D. Either of these
B. Freeze-substitution
112
Tissue is soft when block is trimmed:
A. Incomplete fixation
В. Incomplete dehydration
C. Incomplete clearing
D. Incomplete impregnation
A. Incomplete fixation
113
Xylene turns milky as soon as tissue is placed in it:
A. Incomplete fixation
В. Incomplete dehydration
C. Incomplete clearing
D. Incomplete impregnation
В. Incomplete dehydration
114
Tissue is opaque, section cutting is difficult due to the presence of alcohol.
A. Incomplete fixation
В. Incomplete dehydration
C. Insufficient clearing
D. Incomplete impregnation
C. Insufficient clearing
115
AIR HOLES found during trimming:
A. Incomplete fixation
B. Incomplete dehydration
C. Insufficient cleanng
D. Incomplete impregnation
D. Incomplete impregnation
116
Frozen tissue crumbles and comes off the block holder when cut:
A. Tissue is too hard
B. Knife blade is too thin
C. Freezing is not adequate
D. Tissue is frozen too hard
C. Freezing is not adequate
117
Frozen tissue chips into fragments when cut:
A. Tissue is too hard
B. Knife blade is 100 thin
C. Freezing is not adequate
D. Tissue is frozen too hard
D. Tissue is frozen too hard
118
A process of giving color to the sections by using simple solutions of aqueous or alcoholic dyes (methylene bue, eosin):
A. Direct staining
B. Indirect staining
C. Progressive staining
D. Regressive staining
A. Direct staining
119
process whereby the action of the dye is intensified by adding another agent or mordant.
A. Direct staining
B. Indirect staining
C. Progressive staining
D. Regressive staining
B. Indirect staining
120
With this technique, the tissue is first overstained, and the excess stain is removed or decolorized from unwanted parts of the tissue, until the desired intensity of color is obtained.
A. Direct staining
В. Indirect staining
C. Progressive staining
D. Regressive staining
D. Regressive staining
121
Common NUCLEAR stains:
1. Neutral red
2. Hematoxylin
3. Methylene blue
4. Eosin
A. 1 and 3
В. 2 and 4
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
C. 1, 2 and 3
