histiogrpahy

Question 1

What did peter gay argue about the enlightenment?

Answer 1

That the essence of the enlightenment was freedom in all forms. Enlightened thinkers were not irresponsible or over optimistic. Criticisms were levelled in the hope of creating positive outcomes. They had sensible programs limited expectations and a firm grasp of history.

Question 2

What did Lacetrelle argue?

Answer 2

thought that the philosophes used intelligence to try and fix the ills of men while destroying religion which he believed to be the most effective tool at doing so. Yet he was not critical of the advances in intellect especially of the sciences

Question 3

Talmon was?

Answer 3

Critical of Rousseau for creating the notion that society must be based on the collective will of the community at the expensive of individual needs. He felt that the lack of compromise or appreciation of opposing ideas foreshadowed totalitarian regimes.

Question 4

Bredvold believed that…..

Answer 4

Individualism is endemic in natural law. As we become opposed to anything that goes against our natural impulses

Question 5

The Enlightenment was optimisitc in …… and pessimisitic in its …….

Answer 5

aims and legacy

Question 6

Why did J. Morley believe the enlightenment was optimistic?

Answer 6

because the church was superstitious ignorant cruel and privileged

Question 7

What did Morley think of Diderot?

Answer 7

As someone able to mount a challenge to the church in order to create a more just and rational society.

Question 8

Define the enlightenment?

Answer 8

A series of intellectual challenges to established politics and religion. At its heart were the two concepts of reason and progress.